
Class _L_o2^^a 

Book '^t 

fojiyright F /<??./ 

CQEnUGHT DEPOSIT. 



NEW BOOK OF 
INSTRUCTION AND TABLES 

FOR USE WITH 

THE 
EVERREADY PIPE 

AND 

ELBOW CHART 

(Designed for Sheet Metal and Boiler Workers) 



Mo^W^'^PEHL 



SECOND EDITION 
REVISED AND ENLARGED 



NEW YORK 
U. P. C. BOOK COMPANY, INC. 

243-249 WEST 39TH STREET 
1921 



60 






Copyright, 1909, 
By M. W. PEHL 

Copyright, 1914, 
By M. W. PEHL 

Copyright, 1921, 
By U. P. C. BOOK COMPANY, INC. 



MAR ^b 1922 
©C1A660963 



Hap 



TABLE OF CONTENTS 



Page 

Introductory 

Figuring Material 7 

Area Obtained by Chart 8 

Elbows II 

How to Make Elbows of Eight or More Pieces . 1 1 

Elbows of Less than 90 Degrees 12 

Figuring Rise for Elbows 12 

Weights of Elbows 17 

Weight of Galvanized Ducts 18 

Size of Conductor Pipes 20 

Revolutions of Fan Wheel of Given Diameter . 21 

Flue Area Required for Passage of Air ... 22 

Number of Square Inches of Flue Area Required 24 

Pressure and Horse Power 25 

Factor Table 31 

Equalization of Pipe Diameter 32 

Area and Circumference of Circles .... 33 

Sizes of Galvanized Suction Traps .... 34 

Hoods for Woodworking Machinery .... 35 

Flue and Register Dimensions 37 

Carrying Capacity of Round and Rectangular 

Ducts .40 

Friction Effect of Elbows 38 

Weight of Wrought Iron and Steel Sheets . . 45 

Weight of Steel Angles with Equal Legs . . 46 

Weight of Steel Angles with Unequal Legs . . 48 

Weight of Round and Square Steel .... 51 

Estimated Weight of Galvanized Sheets ... 52 

Weight of Flat Bar Steel 53 

Weight of Flat Bar Iron 54 



4 Pipe and Elbow Chart 

CONTENTS— Continued 

Page 

Calculations for Size of Furnace, Pipes and 

Registers c^^ 

Dimensions of Registers and Boilers .... 56 

Estimated Capacity of Pipes and Registers . . 58 
Sizes and Areas of Round Pipe Overalled For Use 

In Warm Air Heating ^g 

Table of Dimensions of Dust Separators ... 60 

Proportions of Standard Verrell Dust Collectors . 61 

Proportion of Parts of Dust Separators ... 61 
Proportions of Main Duct in Dust Separation to 

Accommodate Branches 62 

Proportioning Gutters and Conductors to the Roof 

Surface 62 



Preface 

IN this second edition of the Everready Pipe & 
Elbow Chart the author has endeavored to em- 
body in the booklet a number of tables of weights 
and other data that is very necessary for every 
mechanic, foreman, superintendent and estimator to 
have in as compact a form as possible. A number of 
these charts, tables, etc., have been taken from books, 
periodicals and magazines, for which due credit is 
given. 

To the mechanic, the booklet furnishes exact dimen- 
sions for cutting out patterns for pipes, ducts and 
elbows ; also proper allowances for the small end of 
pipes, so that they will fit properly. 

To the foreman, it gives correct angles for mitre 
lines of all kinds of elbows, and a good short method 
of cutting elbow patterns. It also gives the weights 
of round and rectangular ducts and elbows, areas and 
circumference of pipes, including laps, weights of 
iron, friction in ducts, the loss of power due to fric- 
tion, correct radius in elbows, the equalization of pipe 
diameters, flue and register dimensions, and the carry- 
ing capacity of ducts. 

5 



6 Preface 

To the superintendent, it furnishes information rela- 
tive to the successful operation of a heating or venti- 
lating system, and it is of a pocket size, for instant 
reference in checking up the size of main trunk ducts, 
branches or elbows ; data on power, weights of mate- 
rial, and hoods for wood-working machinery in con- 
nection with dust and shaving collecting systems. 

To the estimator, the tables of weights of round and 
rectangular ducts and elbows will prove a valuable 
addition where accuracy and time in figuring up each 
size of duct on a large contract is considered. 

These tables have proven most efficient to the au- 
thor in his work along these lines. 

The Publisher. 



Figuring Material 

TO find the amount of iron required for any size 
pipe, turn the small dial so that the slot is 
opposite the diameter at the outer edge of the 
large disc, and read the circumference under "CIR.," 
which includes all laps according to size as noted. (To 
use a wider lap, add the difference between that given 
and the one to be used.) 

All calculations are figured to the nearest 1/16 of an 
inch, so that all fractional parts on the celluloid charts 
(15:8) should be read as sixteenths of an inch; for 
example, 15.8 would read i^V^" - 

Example: Required for circumference of a pipe 12" 
in diameter: Turn the dial to figure 12 and read under 
"CIR." 38.11 or 38 11/16" , mark this measurement ofif 
on the iron for the large end, and deduct for the small 
end according to the gauge of iron uced. (Fig. i.) 
For tapering joints, draw a center line and mark ofif 
one-half of the circumference on each side, the large 
diameter at one end, the small diameter at the other. 
(Fig. 2.) To find the circumference of pipes of odd 
sizes such as that of a pipe i5>^" in diameter, take the 
difference between the even inch given and the next 
largest size, as 16 inches in this case, and add half of 
this difference to the circumference of the even inch. 
Thus a 15^'' diameter has a circumference of 48.2 -\- 
>^(5i4 — 48.2) =49 11/16. 

7 



8 Pipe and Elbow Chart 

Area 

TO find the area of any size of pipe, turn the dial 
to the diameter on the outer edge and read 
under "Area/' To compute the area of a pipe 
which will equal the combined area of two or more 

< 38"//-^^ > 



,'' ^„ ^ LARGE END 

}i FROM CENTER OF 
RIVET HOLE TO EDGE 



SMALL END 



■ 38 %e- 



Fig. I. Pattern for 12" Pipe of No. 20 Gauge 

pipes, add the area of all the branches together, then 
turn the dial until the nearest number to the total 



Area 9 

appears under ''Area." At the outside read the re- 
quired diameter. 

For example : What size pipe would be required to 
^qual the combined area of an 8", 12" and 16" pipe? 



-LARGE DIAMETER- 



f 

< SMALL DIAMETER >. 

Fig. 2. Tapering Joint 

Area 8" 5o'^' 

Area 12" ^^3 

Area 16" l^J^^". 

Total 364" 



lO Pipe and Elbow Chart 

The nearest nimiber given in the area table is 380, 
which is that of a 22" diameter pipe. 

To find the area of a trunk line from which a branch 
has been taken, deduct the area of the branch from the 
main trunk area and turn dial to the nearest number 
under ''Area," and read the diameter of the continued 
trunk at the outer edge. 

To find the diameter of a round pipe equal to a 
square or rectangular pipe, multiply the width by the 
depth and find nearest number under "Area," the 
outer edge of which will be the required diameter. 



Elbows 

THE calculations are based on 90 degree elbows, 
and all pieces have the same length of throat, 
^-inch has been allowed for the seams. If el- 
bow is to be riveted instead of peaned, add ^ of an 
inch to the measurements given. The radius means the 
distance from the center of a circle around which the 
inside of the elbow would fit. The usual method is to 
make the radius equal to the diameter of the pipe. 
With this chart, any radius from 3" to 62" can be used. 
The number of pieces to be used in an elbow should 
be determined by its size and position. The greater the 
number of elbow pieces the less will be the friction of 
air in the pipe. The chart gives calculations for four, 
five and six pieces. For elbows with more pieces, use 
the following table: 

How to make Elbows of 8 and more Pieces 

For 8 piece elbow, take y^ measurement for 4 piece. 
For 10 piece elbow, take 3^ measurement for 5 piece. 
For 12 piece elbow, take }^ measurement for 6 piece. 
For 15 piece elbow, take 1/3 measurement for 5 piece. 
For 18 piece elbow, take 1/3 measurement for 6 piece. 
For 16 piece elbow, take ]4 measurement for 4 piece. 
For 20 piece elbow, take H measurement for 5 piece. 
For 24 piece elbow, take ^ measurement for 6 piece. 

To each measurement, add }i of an inch for the 
extra seam required. 



12 Pipe and Elbow Chart 

Elbows of Less than 90 Degrees 
For elbows less than 90°, use the following table. 

DEGREES PIECES SECTIONS 

27° 6 2 

33° 75' 5 2 

45° 6 3 

56° 25' 5 3 

63° 6 4 

67° 50' 3 2 

75° 4 3 

78^ 75' 5 4 

81° 6 5 

Explanation : If an elbow of 63° is required, use four 
sections of six piece of the same radius. 

Figuring Rise for Elbow 

The mitre line table gives the rise for all elbows 
above mentioned, measuring from the end of a level 
line 12" long on a line at right angles to it. A diagonal 
line from the height of the rise to the other end of the 
12" level line will be the required mitre line. (Fig. 3.) 

Rise for 4 piece elbow 3 7 IZ'^ 

Rise for 5 piece elbow 2 3/8 

Rise for 6 piece elbow i 7/8 

Rise for 8 piece elbow i 3/8 

Rise for 10 piece elbow i 

Rise for 12 piece elbow 13/16 

Rise for 15 piece elbow 19/32 

Rise for 16 piece elbow 1/2 

Rise for 18 piece elbow 15/32 

Rise for 20 piece elbow 14/32 

Rise for 24 piece elbow 27/64 



Elbows 



13 







H 



Pipe and Elbow Chart 



Example: Required, an elbow of 6 pieces, 90 de- 
Tees, 12" in diameter and with a 12" radius of 20 

SMALL END 




Fig. 4. Laying Out from Chart 

gauge iron. First draw, as in Fig. 4, a level line 12" 
long at the end of which draw a perpendicular line 



, Elbows 1 5 

i%" long, as given in the table; from the end of this 
line, draw a diagonal line to the other end of the level 
line, continuing this hne upward indefinitely, if the 
elbow is of a larger diameter. Draw a half circle equal 
to the diameter of the pipe below the level line, using 
the center of the level line as a radius point, or draw- 
ing a half circle equal to the rise at the end of the 
mitre line, as shown, making the distance from A to 
B e'qual to the diameter of the elbow. Divide either 
of these circles into any number of equal parts, num- 
bering them as shown. From these points, draw lines 
to the mitre line. It will be noticed that both of these 
methods give the same result with respect to the in- 
tersection of the mitre line. Now lay off on a piece 
of iron a hne equal to the circumference of a 12" 
pipe, or 38 11/16, also marking a center point and draw 
line through these points indefinitely. Mark off the 
distance for the length of throat, as given in the table, 
4^8" on both sides, and draw a line connecting these 
points. Space this line into twice as many spaces as 
the half circle was spaced, numbering these as shown ; 
then draw lines from these points, as shown. Next, 
transfer the distance from the level line to the points 
of intersection on the mitre line to the corresponding 
numbered lines of the pattern, and a line traced through 
these points will give the correct cut. By cutting this 
pattern and using it as a template, the other patterns 
can be marked out very quickly, care being taken to 
keep the throat measurement 4%'% as shown. Rivet 
holes can be marked and punched before the elbow is 
cut; also the deduction for the small end should be 
made, as, in this case, 17/64 of an inch. 



i6 



Pipe and Elbow Chart 



The reason for laying out the circumference from 
the chart instead of using the spacing of the half circle 
is, that the pipe would be made according to the. chart, 
wdiile the stretchout of the spacing would vary, and not 
coincide with the chart. 

Round Galvanized Pipe 
JP^eight per Lineal Foot 



£ 

(9 

Q 


Gauge 


g 

(9 




Ga 


uge 




26 


24 


22 


20 


26 


24 


22 


20 


1 


.312 


.398 


.485 


,571 


34 


8.139 


10.385 


12.631 


14.877 


2 


.549 


.701 


.852 


1.004 


35 


8.376 


10.687 


12.998 


15.311 


3 


.786 


1.003 


1.220 


1.437 


36 


8.613 


10.989 


13.366 


15.745 


4 


1.023 


1.306 


1.588 


1.871 


37 


8.850 


11.291 


13.734 


16.179 


5 


1.260 


1.608 


1.950 


2.. 304 


38 


9.087 


11.593 


14.102 


16.613 


6 


1.497 


1.911 


2.324 


2.837 


39 


9.325 


11.895 


14.470 


17.047 


7 


1.735 


2.214 


2.693 


3.172 


40 


9,562 


12.197 


14.838 


17.481 


8 


1.973 


2.527 


3.061 


3.605 


41 


9.799 


12.499 


15.206 


17.915 


9 


2.209 


2.819 


3.129 


4.059 


42 


10.036 


12.801 


15.574 


18.349 


10 


2.446 


3.122 


3.707 


4.472 


43 


10.273 


13.103 


15.942 


18.783 


11 


2.684 


3.424 


4.165 


4.905 


44 


10.510 


13.405 


16.310 


19.217 


12 


2.921 


3.7^7 


4.552 


5.339 


45 


10.747 


13.707 


16.678 


19.651 


13 


3.158 


4.a30 


4.901 


5.773 


46 


10.984 


14.009 


17.0t6 


20.08) 


14 


3.395 


4.332 


5.268 


6.207 


47 


11.221 


14.311 


17.414 


20.519 


15 


3.633 


4.635 


5.037 


G.640 


48 


11.459 


14.613 


17.782 


20.953 


15 


3.870 


4.937 


6.005 


7.073 


49 


11.697 


14.915 


18.150 


21.387 


17 


4.107 


5.229 


6.373 


7.507 


50 


11.934 


15.217 


18.518 


21.821 


18 


4.344 


5.542 


6.711 


7.910 


51 


12.171 


15.519 


18.886 


22.255 


19 


4.581 


5.846 


7.110 


8.373 


52 


12.408 


15.821 


19.254 


22.689 


20 


4.818 


6.116 


7.480 


8.808 


53 


12.645 


16.123 


19.622 


23.123 


21 


5.055 


6.451 


7.816 


9.241 


54 


12.883 


16.425 


19.990 


23,557 


22 


5.292 


6.753 


8.214 


9.675 


55 


13.120 


16.727 


20.. 358 


23.991 


23 


5.529 


7.056 


8.5SI 


10.108 


56 


13.357 


17.029 


20.726 


24,425 


24 


5.766 


7.358 


8.959 


10.5U 


57 


13.594 


17.331 


21.084 


24.859 


25 


6.003 


7.660 


9.317 


10.975 


58 


13.831 


17.633 


21.462 


25.293 


26 


6.340 


7.963 


9.683 


11.109 


59 


14.068 


17.935 


21.830 


25,?27 


27 


6.577 


8.264 


10.054 


11.843 


60 


14.305 


18.237 


22.198 


26.161 


28 


6.814 


8.566 


10.422 


12.276 


&1 


14.502 


18.539 


22.566 


26.595 


29 


7.051 


8.838 


10.780 


12.709 


62 


14.779 


18.841 


22.934 


27.029 


30 


T.288 


9.171 


11.158 


13.143 


63 


15.016 


19.143 


23.302 


27.463 


31 


7.525 


9.473 


11.526 


13.576 


64 


15.253 


19.445 


23.670 


27.807 


32 


7.762 


9.775 


11.805 


14.011 


65 


15.490 


19.747 


24.038 


28.331 


33 


7.999 


10.078 


12.263 


14.444 


66 


15.727 


20.049 


24.406 


28.765 



Weights of Elbows and Ducts 

ADD one-half the diameter of the elbow to the 
radius and find the length of throat required for 
^ this size of elbow, which will represent the 
length of a line through the center of the elbow ; 
multiply the length by the number of pieces in the 
elbow, which will give the length equal to a straight 
pipe, and find the weight per lineal foot in the pipe 
table. 

Example : Required, the weight of a 6-piece elbow, 
12" diameter, 12" radius, No. 20 gauge iron : 6 + 12 ^= 
18. Length of throat for an 18 inch radius elbow is 
6.1. Then, 6.1X6 = 36.6 in.— 3.% ft., at 5.339 
(weight of one foot 12" No. 20 pipe) lb. per foot of 
length, the elbow weighs 16 lb. 

Black and Galvanized Sheets 



Weight per Square Foot 


Number 
U. S. Standard Thickness 
Gauge 


Weight of 

Galvanized 

Iron 


Weight of 
Black 
Iron 


10 


9-64 

1-8 

7-64 

3-32 

5-64 

9-128 

1-16 

9-160 

1-20 

7-160 

3-80 

11-320 

1-32 

9-360 

1-40 

7-.320 

3-160 

11-640 

1-64 


5.781 
5.156 
4.531 
3.006 
3.281 
2.969 
2.656 
2.406 
2.156 
1.906 
1.656 
1.531 
1.403 
1.281 
1.153 
1.031 
.9062 
.8437 
.7812 


5.625 
5.00 
4.375 
3.75 
3.125 
2.8125 
2.5 
2.25 
2.0 
1.75 
1.50 
1.375 
1.25 
1.125 
1.00 
.875 

.6875 
.625 


11 


12 


13 


14 


15 

16 


17 


18 


19 


20 


21 ^... 

22 


23.... 


21 


25 


26 


27 


28 





17 



Pipe and Elbow Chart 



Galvanized Iron Ducts 

IP'cight per Lineal Foot 

EIXPLANATION: — Find the sum of the four sides; refer to the table for the corre- 
sponding number in inches column ; to the right will be found the weight. 

EXAMPLE :-Find the weight of duct 26''x56" of No. 24 gauge. 26"+26"+56''+ 
56"= 164". 164" = 17.32 lbs. 



C 


Gauge 


M 

u 

C 


Gauge 


26 


24 


22 


26 


24 


22 


2 


.25 


.28 


.35 


102 


8.00 


10.21 


12.36 


4 


.38 " 


.48. 


.59 


104 


8.15 


10.41 


12.60 


6 


.53 


.67 


.83 


106 


8.30 


10.61 


12.87 


8 


.68 


.86 


1.07 


108 


8.45 


10.81 


13.11 


10 


.83 


1.06 


1.31 


no 


8.60 


11.00 


13.35 


12 


.98 


1.26 


1.55 


112 


8.75 


11.20 


13.59 


14 


1.13 


1.48 


1.79 


114 


8.90 


11.40 


13.83 


16 


1.28 


1.64 


2.02 


116 


9.05 


11.50 


14.07 


18 


1.43 


1.85 


2.26 


118 


9.20 


11.72 


14.31 


20 


1.59 


2.03 


2.50 


120 


9.36 


11.90 


14.55 


22 


1.74 


2.22 


2.73 


122 


9.51 


12.10 


14.78 


24 


1.89 


2.41 


2.97 


124 


9.66 


12.27 


15.02 


26 


2.04 


2.61 


3.21 


126 


9.81 


12.47 


15.26 


28 


2.19 


2.80 


3.45 


128 


9.96 


12.65 


15.50 


SO 


2.34 


2.99 


3.69 


130 


10.11 


12.85 


15.74 


32 


2.49 


3.18 


3.92 


132 


10.26 


13.00 


15.98 


34 


2.64 


3.37 


4.21 


134 


10.41 


13.20 


16.21 


36 


2.79 


3.66 


4.45 


136 


10.56 


13.40 


16.45 


38 


2.94 


3.83 


4.69 


138 


10.71 


13.68 


16.69 


40 


3.10 


4.05 


4.92 


140 


10.87 


13.86 


16.92 


42 


3.25 


4.24 


5.16 


142 


11.8) 


15.12 


18.37 


44 


3.40 


4.43 


5.40 


144 


12.00 


15.32 


18.61 


46 


3.55 


4.63 


5.64 


146 


12.15 


15.52 


18.85 


48 


3.70 


4.83 


5.88 


148 


12.30 


15.72 


19.09 


50 


3.85 


5.01 


6.12 


150 


12.45 


15.92 


19.32 


52 


4.00 


5.21 


6.35 


152 


12.60 


16.12 


19.56 


54 


4.15 


5.40 


6.59 


154 


12.75 


16.32 


19.80 


56 


4.30 


5.59 


6.83 


156 


12.90 


16.52 


20.04 


58 


4.45 


5.78 


7.07 


158 


13.06 


16.72 


20.28 


60 


4.60 


5.97 


7.31 


160 


13.21 


16.92 


20.51 


62 


4.75 


6.17 


7.55 


162 


13.36 


17.12 • 


20.75 


64 


4.90 


6.36 


7.79 


164 


13.51 


17.32 


20.99 


66 


5.05 


6.55 


8.02 


166 


13.89 


17.71 


21.52 


68 


5.21 


6.75 


8.30 


168 


14.04 


17.91 


21.76 


70 


5.51 


6.93 


8.54 


170 


14.19 


18.11 


22.00 


72 


5.66 


7.03 


8.78 


172 


14.34 


18.31 


22.24 


74 


5.81 


7.23 


9.02 


174 


14.49 


18.51 


22.48 


76 


5.96 


7.43 


9.26 


176 


14.64 


18.71 


22.72 


78 


6.11 


7.62 


9.50 


178 


14.79 


18.91 


22.96 


80 


6.26 


7.82 


9.73 


180 


14.94 


19.11 


23.20 


82 


6.41 


8.12 


9.97 


182 


15.10 


19.31 


23.43 


84 


6.56 


8.31 


10.21 


184 


15.25 


19.51 


23.67 


86 


6.71 


8.51 


10.45 


186 


15. JO 


19.75 


23.90 


88 


6.86 


8.70 


10.69 


188 


15.55 


19.90 


24.15 


90 


7.01 


8.90 


10.93 


190 


15.70 


20.09 


24.39 


92 


7.16 


9.10 


11.17 


192 


15.85 


20.29 


24.62 


94 


7.31 


9.30 


11.41 


194 


16.00 


20.48 


24.86 


96 


7.46 


9.50 


11.63 


196 


16.15 


20.67 


25.10 


98 


7.61 


9.70 


11.89 


198 


16.30 


20.86 


25.34 


100 


7.84 


10.01 


12.12 


200 


16.68 


21.28 


25.85 



NOTE :— 1 " lap is allowed for joints up to 140", 3" lap for all others. 



Weights of Elbows and Ducts 



19 



Galvanized Iron Ducts 

Weight per Lineal Foot 



Gauge 



24 



22 



20 



Gauge 



24 



22 



203 

204 

206 

208 

210 

212 

214 

216 

218 

220 

222 

224 

226 

228 

230 

232 

234 

236 

238 

240 

242 

244 

246 

248 > 

250 

252 

254 

256 

258 

260 

262 

264 

266 

268 

270 

272 

274 

276 

278 

280 

283 

284 

286 

288 

2Q0 

292 

294 

296 

298 

300 



21.57 


26.14 


21.66 


26.38 


21.88 


26.62 


22.05 


26.86 


22.24 


27.10 


22.43 


27.34 


22.63 


27.58 


22.83 


27.83 


23.01 


28.06 


23.20 


28.30 


23.40 


28.54 


23.66 


28.78 


23.80 


29.03 


24.00 


29.26 


24.26 


29.50 


24.40 


29.74 


24.80 


30.00 


25.04 


30.24 


25.24 


30.48 


25.44 


30.72 


25.64 


30.96 


25.84 


31.20 


26.05 


31.44 


26.25 


31.68 


26.45 


31.92 


26.65 


33.11 


26.85 


33.40 


27.06 


32.64 


27.26 


32.88 


27.46 


33.12 


27.66 


33.36 


28.02 


33.60 


28.22 


34.22 


28.42 


34.46 


28.63 


34.70 


28.83 


34.94 


29.02 


35.18 


29.23 


35.43 


29.43 


35.66 


29.63 


35.90 


29.83 


36.14 


30.04 


36.38 


30.24 


36.62 


30.44 


36.86 


30.64 


37.10 


30.84 


37.34 


31.05 


37.58 


31.25 


37.83 


31.49 


38.44 


31.69 


38.68 



30.7 

31.0 

31.3 

31.6 

31.8 

32.1 

32.4 

32.7 

33.0 

33.2 

33.5 

33.8 

34.1 

34.4 

34.7 

35.3 

35.6 

35.9 

36.2 

36.5 

36.8 

37.1 

37.4 

37.7 

38.0 

38.3 

38.6 

38.9 

39.2 

39.5 

39.8 

40.1 

40.4 

40.8 

41.0 

41.3 

41.6 

41.9 

42.2 

42.5 

42.8 

43.0 

43.3 

43.6 

43.9 

44.1 

44.4 

44.6 

45.2 

45.5 



303 
304 
303 
308 
310 
312 
314 
316 
318 
320 
322 
324 
336 
328 



340 
342 
344 
346 
348 
350 
352 
354 
356 
358 



370 
373 
374 
376 
378 
380 
383 
384 
383 
388 
390 
393 
394 
396 
398 
400 



31.9 


38.9 


33.1 


39.2 


33.3 


39.4 


32.5 


39.6 


32.7 


39.9 


32.9 


40.1 


33.1 


40.4 


33.3 


40.6 


33.5 


40.8 


33.7 


41.1 


33.9 


41.3 


34.1 


41.6 


34.3 


41.8 


34.5 


42.0 


34.7 


42.3 


35.1 


43.5 


35.3 


43.0 


35.5 


43.2 


35.7 


43.5 


35.9 


43.7 


36.1 


44.0 


36.3 


44.2 


36.5 


44.5 


36.7 


44.7 


35.8 


44.9 


37.1 


45.2 


37.3 


45.4 


37.5 


45.7 


37.7 


45.9 


37.9 


46.1 


38.1 


46.4 


38.5 


46.9 


38.7 


47.1 


38.9 


47.4 


39.1 


47.6 


39.3 


47.8 


39.5 


48.1 


39.7 


48.3 


39.9 


48.6 


40.1 


48.8 


40.3 


49.1 


40.5 


49.3 


40.7 


49.5 


40.9 


49.8 


41.1 


50.0 


41.3 


50.2 


41.5 


50.5 


41.7 


51.0 


41.9 


51.2 


42.1 


51.5 



NOTE :— 1 " lap is allowed for joints up to 140", 3" lap for all others. 



20 



Pipe and Elbow Chart 



Galvanized Iron Ducts 

Weight per Lineal Foot 



53 

X 


Gauge 




Gauge 


u 

C 


22 


20 


18 


u 

C 


22 


20 


18 


402 


51.7 


60.9 


79.2 


452 


57.9 


68.0 


88.7 


m 


51.9 


61.2 


79.5 


454 


58.1 


68.3 


83.0 


406 


52.1 


61.4 


79.9 


456 


58.4 


68.6 


8). 4 


408 


52.4 


61.2 


80.2 


458 


58.6 


68.9 


83.8 


410 


52.6 


62.0 


80.8 


460 


58. 9 


69.2 


90.1 


412 


52.9 


62.3 


81.0 


462 


5^.1 


69.4 


90.5 


414 


53.1 


62.6 


81.3 


464 


53.6 


69.7 


91.4 


41G 


53.3 


62.8 


81.7 


466 


53.8 


70.2 


91.7 


418 


53.6 


63.1 


82.0 


468 


60.1 


70.5 


92.1 


420 


53.8 


63.4 


82.4 


470 


60.3 


70.8 


92.5 


422 


54.1 


63.7 


82.8 


472 


60.6 


71.0 


92.8 


424 


54.3 


64.0 


83.1 


474 


60.8 


71.3 


93.2 


426 


54.5 


64.3 


83.4 


476 


61.0 


71.6 


93.5 


428 


54.8 


64.6 


83.8 


478 


61.3 


71.9 


93.9 


430 


55.3 


64.9 


81.7 


480 


61.5 


72.2 


94.3 


432 


55.5 


65.3 


85.1 


482 


61.8 


72.4 


94.6 


431 


55.7 


65.6 


85.4 


481 


62.0 


72.7 


95.0 


436 


56.0 


65.8 


85.8 


483 


62.2 


73.0 


95.3 


438 


56.2 


66.1 


88.2 


488 


62.5 


73.3 


95.7 


440 


56.5 


66.4 


86.5 


490 


62.7 


73.6 


96.1 


442 


56.7 


66.6 


83.9 


492 


63.0 


73.9 


93.4 


444 


56.9 


66.9 


87.2 


494 


63.2 


74.2 


93.8 


446 


57.2 


67.2 


87.6 


496 


63.4 


74.5 


97.1 


448 


57.4 


67.5 


88.0 


498 


6i.O 


74.8 


98.0 


450 


57.7 


67.9 


88.3 


5no 


64.3 


75.0 


98.4 



3>^ 

4 
5 
6 
7 



Size of Conductor Pipes 



in. Through, up to 12 ft. long; use 2-in. Conductor Pipe 

in. Through, 12 to 25 ft. long; use 3-in. Conductor Pipe 

in. Through, 25 to 35 ft. long; use 3-in. Conductor Pipe 

in. Through, 35 to 45 ft. long; use 4-in. Conductor Pipe 

in. Through, 45 to 55 ft. long; use 5-in. Conductor Pipe 

in. Through, 55 to 65 ft. long; use 6-in. Conductor Pipe 

in. Thrcugh, 65 to 75 ft. long; use 7-in. Conductor Pipe 



Weights of Elbows and Ducts 



21 



Revolutions of Fan Wheel of Given Diameter Necessary to 

Maintain a Given Pressure Over an Area Which is 

Within the Capacity of the Fan 





Diamete 
of Fan 
Wheel, 


Pressure, in Ounces per Square Inch 
































in Feet 


Vs 


V4. 


% 


V2 


% 


% 


% 


1 


11/8 


11/4 


1% 


11/2 


1% 




1 


582 


82J 


1,007 


1,163 


1,800 


1,423 


1,53; 


1,643 


1,742 


1,836 


1,92£ 


2,010 


2,170 




iVi 


460 


655 


80G 


93G 


1,010 


l,139|l,230 


11,314 


1,394 


1,469 


1,540 


1,608 


1,736 




11/2 


388 


549 


G72 


775 


837 


949 


1,025 


1,095 


1,162 


1,224 


1,281 


1,340 


1,447 




1% 


333 


470 


576 


665 


743 


813 


878 


938 


996 


1,049 


1,100 


1,149 


1,240 




2 


291 


411 


504 


582 


650 


712 


769 


822 


871 


918 


963 


1,005 


1,085 




21/4 


259 


363 


448 


517 


578 


633 


683 


730 


774 


816 


856 


893 


984 




21/2 


233 


329 


403 


465 


520 


570 


615 


657 


697 


734 


770 


804 


838 




2% 


212 


300 


366 


423 


473 


518 


559 


597 


634 


668 


700 


731 


789 




3 


194 


274 


333 


388 


433 


475 


513 


548 


581 


612 


642 


670 


723 




31/2 


166 


235 


288 


332 


372 


407 


439 


469 


498 


525 


550 


574 


620 




4 


146 


208 


252 


291 


325 


353 


384 


411 


436 


459 


481 


502 


543 




41/2 


129 


183 


224 


258 


289 


316 


342 


365 


387 


408 


428 


447 


482 




5 


116 


164 


202 


232 


260 


285 


308 


329 


349 


367 


38) 


402 


434 




51/2 


103 


149 


183 


211 


236 


259 


280 


299 


317 


334 


350 


363 


395 




6 


97 


137 


168 


194 


217 


238 


256 


274 


290 


306 


321 


335 


362 




61/2 


90 


126 


155 


179 


200 


219 


236 


253 


268 


282 


296 


309 


334 




7 


83 


117 


144 


166 


186 


203 


220 


235 


249 


262 


275 


287 


310 




71/2 


78 


110 


135 


155 


173 


190 


204 


219 


232 


245 


257 


268 


289 




8 


73 


103 


126 


146 


163 


178 


192 


205 


218 


230 


241 


251 


271 




81/2 


69 


97 


119 


137 


153 


167 


181 


194 


205 


216 


226 


236 


255 




9 


65 


92 


112 


129 


144 


158 


171 


183 


194 


204 


214 


223 


241 




91/2 


61 


87 


106 


123 


137 


149 


162 


173 


183 


193 


203 


212 


228 




10 


58 


82 


101 


116 


130 


142 


154 


164 


174 


181 


193 


201 


217 




11 


53 


75 


92 


106 


118 


129 


140 


150 


158 


167 


175 


183 


197 




12 


49 


69 


84 


97 


108 


119 


128 


137 


145 


153 


160 


168 


181 




13 


45 


63 


78 


90 


100 


110 


116 


126 


130 


141 


148 


155 


167 




14 


42 


59 


72 


83 


93I 


102 


110 


117 


124 


131 


138 


144 


155 


. 


15 1 


39 


55 67| 


78 


87, 


95 


102 


110 116' 122 128| 


134 


145 



22 



Pipe and Elbow Chart 



Flue Area Required for the Passage of a Given Volume of 
Air at a Given Velocity 



Volume in 


VELOCITY IN FEET PER MINUTE 


Cubic Feet 












































1 


per Minute 


300 


400 


500 


600 


700 


800 


900 


1000 


1100 


1200 


1300 


1400 


1500 


1600 


100 


48 


36 


29 


24 


21 


18 


16 


14 


13 


12 


11 


10 


9.6 


9.0 


125 


60 


45 


36 


30 


26 


23 


20 


18 


16 


15 


14 


13 


12.0 


11.3 


150 


72 


54 


43 


36 


31 


27 


24 


22 


20 


18 


16 


15 


14.4 


13.5 


175 


84 


63 


50 


42 


36 


32 


28 


25 


23 


21 


19 


18 


16.8 


15.8 


200 


96 


72 


58 


48 


41 


36 


32 


29 


26 


24 


22 


21 


19.2 


18.0 


225 


lOS 


81 


65 


54 


46 


41 


36 


32 


29 


27 


25 


23 


21.6 


20.3 


250 


120 


90 


72 


60 


51 


45 


40 


36 


33 


30 


28 


20 


24.0 


22.5 


275 


132 


9') 


79 


66 


57 


50 


44 


40 


36 


33 


30 


28 


28.4 


24.8 


300 


144 


108 


86 


72 


62 


54 


48 


43 


39 


36 


33 


31 


28.8 


27.0 


325 


15o 


11? 


94 


78 


67 


59 


52 


47 


43 


39 


36 


33 


31.2 


29.3 


350 


168 


120 


101 


84 


T2 


63 


56 


50 


46 


42 


39 


36 


33.6 


31.5 


375 


180 


135 


108 


90 


77 


68 


60 


54 


49 


45 


42 


39 


36.0 


33.8 


400 


192 


144 


115 


96 


82 


72 


64 


58 


52 


48 


44 


41 38.4 


36.0 


425 


204 


153 


122 


102 


87 


77 


68 


61 


56 


51 


47 


44 40.8 38.3 | 


450 


216 


162 


130 


108 


93 


81 


72 


65 


59 


54 


50 


46 43.2 


40.5 


475 


228 


171 


137 


114 


98 


86 


76 


68 


62 


57 


53 


49 45.6 


42.8 


500 


240 


180 


144 


120 


103 


90 


80 


72 


65 


60 


55 


51,48.0 


45.0 


525 


252 


181) 


151 


126 


108 


95 


84 


76 


69 


63 


58 


54 


50.4 


47.3 


550 


264 


198 


158 


132 


113 


99 


88 


79 


72 


66 


61 


57 


52.8 


49.5 


575 


276 


207 


166 


138 


118 


104 


92 


83 


75 


69 


64 


59 


55.2 


51.8 


600 


288 


216 


173 


144 


123 


108 


96 


86 


79 


72 


66 


62 


57.6 


54.0 


625 


300 


225 


180 


150 


129 


113 


100 


90 


82 


75 


69 


64 


60.0 


56.3 


650 


312 


234 


187 


158 


134 


117 


104 


94 


85 


78 


72 


67 


62.4 


.58.5 


675 


324 


243 


194 


162 


139 


122 


108 


97 


88 


81 


75 


69 


64.8 


60.8 


700 


336 


252 


202 


168 


144 


126 


112 


101 


92 


84 


78 


72 


67.2 


63.0 


725 


348 


261 


209 


174 


149 


131 


116 


104 


95 


87 


80 


75 


69.6 


65.3 


750 


360 


270 


216 


180 


154 


135 


120 


108 


98 


90 


83 


77 


72.0 


67.5 


775 


372 


279 


223 


186 


159 


140 


124 


112 


101 


93 


86 


80 


74.4 


69. S 


800 


384 


288 


230 


192 


165 


144 


128 


115 


105 


96 


89 


82 


76.8 


72.0 


825 


396 


297 


238 


198 


170 


149 


132 


119 


108 


99 


91 


85 


79.2 


74.3 


850 


408 


306 


245 


204 


175 


153 


136 


122 


111 


102 


94 


87 


81.6 


76.5 


875 


420 


315 


252 


210 


180 


158 


140 


126 


115 


105 


97 


90 


84.0 


78.8 


900 


432 


324 


259 


216 


185 


162 


144 


130 


118 


108 


100 


93 


86.4 


81.0 


925 


444 


333 


266 


222 


190 


167 


148 


133 


121 


111 


103 


95 


88. 8 


83.3 


950 


456 


342 


274 


228 


195 


171 


152 


137 


124 


114 


105 


98 


91.2 


85.5 


975 


468 


351 


281 


234 


201 


176 


156 


140 


128 


117 


108 


100 


93.6 


87.8 


1000 


480 


360 


288 


240 


206 


180 


! 160 


144 


131 


120 


111 


103 


96.0 


90.0 



Weights of Elbows and Ducts 



23 



Flue Area Required for the Passage of a Given Volume of 
Air at a Given J'clocity 



Volume in 
Cubic Feet 
per Minute 


VELOCITY IN FEET PER MINUTE 


1700 


1800 


1900 


2000 


2100 


.00 


2300 


2400 


2600 


2700 


2800 


2900 


3000 


3100 


100 


8.5 


8 


7.6 


7.2 


6.9 


6.6 


6.3 


6.0 


5.5 


5.3 


5.1 


5.0 


4.8 


4.6 


125 


10.6 


10 


9.5 


9.0 


8.6 


8.2 


7.8 


7.5 


6.9 


6.7 


6.4 


6.2 


6.0 


5.8 


150 


12.7 


12 


11.4 


10.8 


10.3 


9.8 


9.4 


9.0 


8.0 


8.0 


7.7 


7.5 


7.2 


7.0 


175 


14.8 


14 


13.3 


12.6 


12.011.5 


11.0 


10.5 


9.7 


9.3 


9.0 


8.7 


8.4 


8.1 


200 


16.9 


16 


15.2 


14.4 


13.7 13.1 


12.5 


12.0 


11.1 


10.7 


10.3 


9.9 


9.6 


9.3 


225 


19.1 


18 


17.1 


16.2 


15.6 14.7 14.1 


13.5 


12.5 


12.0 


11.6 


11.2 


10.8 


10.4 


250 


21.2 


20 


19.0 


18.0 17.116.4 15.7 


15.0 


13.9 


13.3 


12.9 


12.4 


12.0 


11.6 


275 


23.3 


22 


21.8 


19.8^18.9'l8.017.2 


16.5 


15.2 


14.7 


14.1 


13.7 


13.2 


12.8 


300 


25.4 


24 


22.7 


21.6 20.6 19.6|18.8 


18.0 


16.6 


16.0 


15.4 


14.9 


14.4 


13.9 


325 


27.5 


26 


24.6 


23.422.3 21.3 20.6 


19.5 


18.0 


17.3 


16.7 


16.1 


15.6 


15.1 


350 


29.6 


28 


26.5 


25.2 24.0 22.9 21.9 


21.0 


19.4 


18.7 


18.0 


17.4 


16.8 


16.3 


375 


31.8 


30 


28.4 


27.0 25.724.5 23.5 


22.5 


20.8 


20.0 


19.3 


18.6 


18.0 


17.4 


400 


33.9 


32 


30.3 


28.8 27. 4>6. 2 25.0 


24.0 


22.2 


21.3 


20.6 


19.8 


19.2 


18.6 


425 


36.0 


34 


32.2 


30.6 


29.127.826.6 


25.5 


23.5 


22.7 


21.9 


21.1 


20.4 


19.7 


450 


38.1 


36 


34.1 


32.4 


30.9|29.5 28.2 


27.0 


24.9 


24.0 


23.1 


22.3 


21.6 


20.9 


475 


40.2 


38 


36.0 34.2 


32.6 31.l'29.7 


28.5 


26.3 


25.3 


24.4 


23.6 


22.8 


22.1 


500 


42.4 


40 


37.936.0 


34.332.731.3 


30.0 


27.7 


26.7 


25.7 


24.8 


24.0 


23.2 


525 


44.5 


42 


39.837.8 


36.0 34.4.32.9 


.31.5 


29.1 


28.0 


26.9 


25.0 


25.2 


24.4 


550 


46.6 


44 


41.7 


38.6 


37. 7|36. 34.4 


.33.0 


.30.5 


29.3 


28.3 


27.3 


26.4 


25.5 


575 


48.7 


46 


43.6 


41.4 


39.4 37.6 36.0 


34.5 


31.9 


30.7 


29.6 


28.5 


27.6 


26.7 


600 


50.8 


48 


45.5 


43.2 


41.139.337.6 


36.0 


33.2 


32.0 


30.8 


29.8 


28.8 


27.8 


625 


52.9 


50 


47.4 


45.0 


12.940.939.1 


37.5 


34.6 


33.3 


32.1 


31.0 


30.0 


29.0 


650 


55.1 


52 


49.3,46.8'44.6 42.5 


40.7 


39.0 


36.0 34.7 


33.4 


32.2 31.2 30.2 


675 
700 


57.2 
59.3 


54 
56 


51.2 48.6 46.3 44.1 
53.150.4 48.0 45.8 


42.3 
43.8 


40.5 
42.0 


37.536.0 
38.8 37.3 


.34.7 
36.0 


33.532.431.3 
34.7^33.6 32.5 


725 


61.4 


58 


55.0 52.2 49.7 47.4 


45.4 


43.5 


40.2 38.7 


37.3 


36.0 34.8 33.6 


750 


63.5 


60 


56.9 54.0 51.4 49.1 


47.0 


45.0 


41.540.0 


38.6 


37.2'36. 34.8 


775 


65.6 


02 


58.8'56.3'53.1 50.7 


48.5 


46.5 


42.941.3 


39.9 


38.5'37.2'36.0 


800 


67.8 


64 


60.6'57.6 54.9 52.4 


50.1 


48.0 


44.342.7 


41.2 


39.738.437.1 


825 


69.9 


66 


62.5 59.4'56.6 54.0 


51.7 


49.5 


45.744.0 


42.4 


40.9 39.638.3 


850 


72.0 


68 


64.4 61.2 58.4 55.6 


53.2 


51.0 


47.145.3 


43.7 


42.2,40.8,39.4 


875 
900 


74.0 
76.2 


70 
72 


67.3 63.0 60.0 57.3 
68.2 64.8 61.7 58.9 


54.8 
56.3 


52.5 
54.0 


48.5 46.7 
49.948.0 


45.0 
46.3 


43.4'42.0 
44.643.2 


40.6 
41.8 


925 


78.4 


74 


70.166.6 63.4 60.5 


57.9 


55.5 


51.349.3 


47.6 


46.044.4 


42.9 


950 


80.5 


76 


72.0 88.4 65.1162.2 


59.5 


57.052.650.7 


48.8'47.1 45.6 


44.1 


975 
1000 


82.6 
84.7 


78 
80 


73.9'70.2'66.8'63.8 61.0 
75.8 72.0 68. 7i66. 62.6 


58.554.052.0 
60.055.453.3 


50.2 48.4 46.8 45.3 
51.4 49.6 48.0 46.4 



24 Pipe and Elbow Chart 

Number of Square Inches of Flue Area Required per i,ooo 
Cubic Feet of Contents for Given Velocity and Air Change 



No. Minutes 

to 
Change Air 


Velocity of Air in Flue in Feet per Minute 


300 


400 


500 


600 


700 


800 


900 


1000 


1100 1200 


1300 1400 1500 


4 


120.0 


90.0 


72.0 


60.0 


51.6 


45.0 


40.0 


36.0 


32.2 30.0 


27.6 25.6 21.4 


5 


96.0 


72.2 


57.6 


48.0 


11.1 


36.1 


32.028.8 


26.2|24.0 


22.2 20.5 19.2 


6 


80.0 


60.0 


48.0 


40.0 


34.3 


30.0 


26.6|24.0 


21.8|20.0 


18.5 17.116.0 


7 


68.6 


51.4 


41.1 


34.3 


29.4 


25.7 


22.9,20.6 


18.7jl7.2 


15.714.713.7 


8 


60.0 


45.0 


36.0 


30.0 


25.8 


22.5 


20.0^18.0 


16.115.0 


13.8 12.8 12.0 


9 


5.3.3 


40.0 


32.0 


26.6 


22.9 


20.0 


17.8 16.0 


14.513.3 


12.3 11.4 


10.7 


10 


48.0 


36.0 


28.8 


24.0 


20.6 


18.9 


16.014.4 


13.112.0 


11.1 10.3 


9.6 


11 


43.6 


32.2 


26.2 


21.8 


18.7 


16.1 


14.5'l3.1 


11.910.9 


10.1 9.5 


8.7 


12 


40.0 


30.0 


24.0 


20.0 


17.2 


15.0 


13.312.0 


10.910.0 


9.2 8.6 


8.0 


13 


36.9 


27.7 


22.2 


18.5 


15.7 13.8 


12.3'll.l 


10.1 


9.2 


8.5 7.9 


7.4 


14 


34.3 


25.7 


20.6 


17.2 


14.7 12.8 


11.410.3 


9.5 


8.6 


7.9 


7.4 


6.9 


15 


32.0 


24.0 


19.2 


16.0 


13.712.0 


10.7 


9.6 


8.7 


8.0 


7,4 


6.9 


6.4 


16 


30.0 


22.5 


18.0 


15.0 


12.911.2 


10.0 


9.0 


8.2 


7.5 


6.9 


6.4 


6.0 


17 


28.2 


21.2 


16.9 


14.1 


12.110.6 


9.4 


8.5 


7.7 


7.0 


6.5 


6.1 


5.6 


18 


26.6 


20.0 


16.0 


13.3 


11.510.0 


8.9 


8.0 


7.3 


6.6 


6.2: 5.7 


5.3 


19 


25.3 


18.9 


15.2 


12.6 


10.8 9.5 


8.4 


7.6 


6.9 


6.3 


5.8 5.4 


5.1 


20 


24.0 


18.0 


14.4 


12.0|l0.3| 9.9 


8.0 


7.2 


6.5 


6.0 


5.5 5.1 


4.8 



To facilitate calculation of flue areas for different 
requirements in heating, ventilation and the general 
movement of air, the table above and that upon the 
two succeeding pages have been prepared. The former 
is to be employed when in a ventilating system the area 
of the flue is to be based upon the time required to 
change the air within the room and upon the permis- 
sible velocity in the flue. The latter table indicates the 
flue area necessary for the passage of a predetermined 
volume of air at stated velocity. Values for volumes 
below lOO or above i,ooo cubic feet may be readily 
determined from the latter table by reading for the 
multiple of the given volume, and then pointing off the 
requisite number of places. Thus, if a volume of 8,750 
cubic feet of air is required to pass through a flue at 
a velocity of 900 feet per minute, the cross sectional 
area of that flue must be 1,400 square inches. 



Weights of Elbows and Ducts 



25 



Pressure and Horse-Poiver Required to Compensate for the 
Friction of Air Passing through Pipes 



i! 


DIAMETER OF PIPE 


1-inch 


2-inch 


3 -inch 


4-inch 


5-inch 




« 




11 

. 

Xc 


c'". 

0:^ 


II 

. 

Xc 


fi: 


IJ 

y 

1 "^^ 




n 

Xc 


100 


O.OIl 0.0000 


0.006 


0.0000 


0.004 


0.0000' 0.003 


0.0000 


0.002 


0.0000 


200 


0.044 0.0000 


0.022 


0.0000 


0.015 


0.0000 0.011 


0.0001 


0.009 


0.0001 


300 


0.100 0.0000 


0.050 


0.0001 


0.033 


0.0001' 0.025 


0.0002 


0.020 


0.0002 


400 


0.178 


0.0001 


0.088 


0.0002 


0.05:» 


0.0003' 0.044 


0.0004 


0.036 


0.0005 


500 


0.278 


0.0002 


0.139 


0.0004 


0.092 


0.0006 0.069 


0.0008 


0.056 


0.0010 


600 


0.400 


0.0004 


0.200 


0.0007 


0.133 


0.0011 0.100 


0.0014 0.080 


0.0018 


TOO 


0.541 


0.0006 


0.272 


0.0011 


0.181 


0.0017 0.138 


0.0023. 0.109 


0.0028 


800 


0.711 


0.0008 


0.356 


0.0017 


0.237 


0.0025 0.178 


0.00.34 0.142 


0.0042 


900 


0.900 


0.0012 


0.450 


0.0024 


0.300 


0.0036' 0.225 


0.0018 0.180 


0.0060 


1,000 


1.111 


0.0017 


0.556 


0.0033 


0.370 


0.0049 0.278 


0.0066 0.222 


0.0083 


1,100 


1.344 


0.0022 


0.672 


0.0044 


0.418 


0.0066 0.338 


0.0088 


0.269 


0.0110 


1,200 


1.600 


0.0029 


0.800 


0.0057 


0.533 


0.0083 0.400 


0.0114 


0.320 


0.0143 


1,300 


1.878 


0.0036 


0.939 


0.0073 


0.626 


0.0109 0.469 


0.0145 


0.376 


0.0182 


1,400 


2.178 


0.0045 


1.089 


0.0090 


0.723 


0.01.36 


0.544 


0.0181 


0.436 


0.0227 


1,500 


2.500 


0.0056 


1.250 


0.0112 


0.833 


0.0167 


0.625 


0.0223 


0.500 


0.0279 


1,600 


2.844 


0.0068 1.422 


0.0135 


0.948 


0.0203 


0.711 


0.0271 


0.569 


0.0338 


1,700 


3.211 


0.0081 


1.605 


0.0162 


1.070 


0.0244 


0.803 


0.0325 


0.642 


0.0403 


1,800 


3.600 


0.0096 


1.800 


0.0192 


1.200 


0.0289 


0.900 


0.0.J85 


0.720 


0.0482 


1,900 


4.011 


0.0113 


2.006 


0.0227 


1.337 


0.0340 


1.003 


0.0453 


0.802 


0.0567 


2,000 


4.444 


0.0132 


2.222 


0.0264 


1.481 


0.0397 


1.111 


0.0529 


0.889 


0.0361 


2,200 


5.378 


0.0176 


2.689 


0.0352 


1.793 


0.0528 


1.344 


0.0704 


1.076 


0.0880 


2,400 


6.400 


0.0228 


3.200 


0.0457 


2.133 


0.0685 


1.600 


0.0914 


1.280 


0.1142 


2,600 


7.511 


0.0290 


3.756 


0.0581 


2.504 0.0871 


1.877 


0.1162 


1.502 


0.1452 


2,800 


8.711 


0.0363 


4.356 


0.0726 


2.904 0.1088 


2.178 


0.1451 


1.742 


0.1814 


3.000 


10.000 


0.0446 


5.000 


0.08)2 


3.333 0.1339 


2.500 


0.1785 


2.000 


0.2231 


3,200 


11.378 


0.0541 


5.689 


0.1083 


3.792 


0.1625 


2.844 


0.2166 


2.276 


0.2708 


3,400 


12.8t4 


0.0649 


6.422 


0.1299 


4.281 


0.1949 


3.211 


0.2598 


2.589 


0.3247 


3,600 


14.400 


0.0770 


7.200 


0.1542 


4.800 


0.2313 


3.600 


0.3084 


2.880 


. 0.3855 


3,800 


16.044 


0.0906 


8.022 


0.1814 


5.349 


0.2720 


4.011 


0.3627 


3.209 


0.4534 


4,000 


17.778 


0.1058 


8.889 


0.2115 


5.926 


0.3173 


4.444 


0.4230 


3.556 


0.5288 


4,200 






9.800 


0.2448 


6.553 


0.3673 


4.900 


0.4897 
0.5631 


3.920 
4.282 
5.120 
6.008 
6.969 
8.000 


0.6121 
0.7038 
0.9138 
1.1618 
1.4510 
1.7847 


4,400 






10.705 


0.2815 


7.175 


0.4223 


5.353 


4,800 






12.800 


0.3655 


8.533 


0.5484 


6.400 


0.7310 
0.9294 


5,200 






15.022 


0.4747 


10.015 


0.6971 


7.511 


5,600 






17.422 


0.5804 


11 . 615 


0.8707 


8.711 
10.000 


1.1608 
1.4278 


6.000 






20.000 


0.7139 


13.3.33 


1.0710 







26 



Pipe and Elbow Chart ' 



Pressure and Horse-Power Required to Compensate for the 
Friction of Air Passing through Pipes — Continued 



< I 

1 ! 

1 1 


DIAMETER OF PIPE | 


6-inch 


7-inch 


8-inch 


9-inch 


1 10-inch 











Joe 


H. P. lost 
in Friction 


Qu 


"" 

Xz 


Loss of 
Press, in oz. 
per sq. in. 

H. P. lost 
in Friction 


100 


0.002 


0.0000 


0.002 


0.0000 0.001 


0.0000 


0.001 


0.0000 


0.001 


0.0000 


200 


0.007 


0.0001 


0.003 


0.0001 


0.005 


0.0001 


0.005 


0.0001 


0.004 


0.0001 


300 


0.017 


0.0003 


0.014 


0.0003 


0.012 


0.0004 


0.011 


0.0004 


0.010 


0.0004 


400 


0.030 


0.0006 


0.025 0.0007 


0.022 


0.0008 


0.020 


0.0009 


0.013 


0.0011 


500 


O.OiG 


0.0012 


0.040 


0.0014 


0.035 


0.0017 


0.031 


0.0019 


0.028 


0.0021 


GOO 


0.067 


0.0021 


0.057 


0.0025 


0.050 


0.0029 


0.044 


0.0032 


0.040 


0.0036 


700 


0.091 


0.0034 


0.078 


0.0040 


0.068 


0.0045 


0.060 


0.0051 


0.054 


0.0057 


800 


0.119 


0.0051 


0.102 


0.0059 


0.089 


0.0067 


0.079 


0.00^6 


o.on 


0.0085 


900 


0.150 


0.0072 


0.129 


0.0084 


0.112 


0.0096 


0.100 


0.0108 


0.090 


0.0120 


1,000 


0.185 


0.0099 


0.159 


0.0116 


0.139 


0.0132 


0.123 


0.0148 


0.111 


0.0165 


1,100 


0.224 


0.0132 


0.192 


0.0154 


0.168 


0.0176 


0.149 


0.0198 


0.134 


0.0220 


1,200 


0.267 


0.0171 


0.229 


0.0200 


0.200 


0.0230 


0.178 


0.0256 


0.160 


0.0283 


1,300 


0.313 


0.0218 0.268 


0.0254 


0.235 


0.0290 


0.209 


0.0327 


0.188 


0.0363 


1,400 


0.363 


0.0272 0.311 


0.0317 


0.282 


0.0363 


0.242 


0.0408 


0.218 


0.0453 


1,500 


0.417 


0.0335 0.357 


0.0390 


0.312 


0.0446 


0.278 


0.0502 


0.250 


0.0558 


1,600 


0.474 


0.0406 0.406 


0.0473 


0.356 


0.0541 


0.316 


0.0309 


0.284 


0.0677 


1,700 


0.535 


0.0487 


0.459 


0.0568 


0.401 


0.0649 


0.357 


0.0731 


0.321 


0.0812 


1,800 


0.600 


0.0578 


0.514 


0.0874 


0.450 


0.0771 


0.400 


0.0837, 0.360 


0.0964 


1,900 


0.689 


0.0680 


0.573 


0.0793 


0.501 


0.0907 


0.446 


0.1020| 0.401 


0.1133 


2,000 


0.741 


0.0793 


0.635 


0.0925 0.556 


0.1058 


0.493 


0.1190 


0.444 


0.1322 


2.200 


0.896 


0.1161 


0.683 


0.1232 0.672 


0.1408 


0.597 


0.1583 


0.538* 0.1760 1 


2,400 


1.067 


0.1371 


0.914 


0.1600 0.800 


0.1728 


0.711 


0.2053 


0.640 


0.2284 


2,600 


1.252 


0.1743 


1.073 


0.2033 


0.930 


0.2324 


0.835 


0.2614 


0.751 


0.2904 


2,800 


1.452 


0.2177 


1.244 


0.2539 


1.089 


0.2902 


0.968 


0.3265 


o.sn 


0.3628 


3,000 


1.667 


0.2677 


1.429 


0.3123 


1.250 


0.3569 


1.111 


0.4016 


1.000 


0.4462 


3,200 


1 .896 


0.3249 


1.625 


0.3790 


1.422 


0.4332 


1.263 


0.4873 


1.138 


0.5415 


3,400 


2.141 


0.3897 


1.835 


0.4546 


1.606 


0.5237 


1.427 


0.5845 


1.284 


0.6495 


3,600 


2.400 


0.4626 


2.057 


0.5397 


1.800 


0.6168 


1.600 


0.7039 


1.440 


0.7710 


3,800 


2.674 


0.5441 


2.292 


0.6347 


2.006 


0.7254 


1.783 


0.8171 


1.604 


0.9038 


4,000 


2.963 


0.6346 


2.540 0.7403 


2.222 


0.8401 


1.975 


0.9518 


1.778 


1.0576 


4,200 


3.267 


0.7346 


2.800 0.8570 


2.450 


0.9794 


2.178 


1.1019 


1.900 


1.2243 


4,400 


3.569 


0.8446 


3.059 


0.9854 


2.676 


1.1261 


2.379 


1.2669 


2.141 


1 . 4077 


4,800 


4.267 


1.0964 


3.657 


1.2793 


3.200 


1.4620 


2.844 


1.6448 


2.530 


1.8275 


5,200 


5.007 


1.3941 


4.292 


1.6265 


3.756 


1.85SS 


3.339 


2.0912 


3.004 


2.3236 


5.600 


5.807 


1.7412 


4.978 


2.0314 


4.356 


2.3210 


3.872 


2.6118 


3.484 


2.9021 


6,000 


6.667 


2.1416 


5.714 


2.4986 


5.000 


2.8555 


4.444 


3.2125 


4.000 3.5694 | 



Weights of Elbows and Ducts 



27 



Pressure and Horse-Poiver Required to Compejisate for the 
Friction of Air Passing through Pipes — Continued 



Velocity of Air 
Feet per Minute 


DIAMETER OF PIPE 


28-inch 


30-inch 


j 32-inch 


1 36-inch 


40-inch 


,1-i 
% 


t Xc 


C'" 

2'" 
« * 


« 

. 

Xc 


Loss of 
Press, in oz. 
per sq. in. 

H. P. lost 
in Friction 


Loss of 
Press, in oz. 
per sq. in. 

H. P. lost 
in Friction 




4J C 

§.2 


100 


0.000 


0.0000 


0.000 


0.0001 


0.000 


0.0001 


0.000 


0.0001 


0.000 


0.0001 


200 


0.002 


0.0004 


0.001 


0.0094 


0.001 


0.0004 


0.001 


0.0005 


0.001 


0.0005 


300 


0.004 


0.0012 


0.003 


0.0014 


0.003 


0.0014 


0.003 


0.0016 


0.002 


0.0018 


400 


0.003 


0.0030 


0.006 


0.0032 


0.006 


0.0034 


0.005 


0.0038 


0.004 


0.0042 


500 


0.010 


0.0058 


0.009 


0.0062 


0.009 


0.0066 


0.008 


0.0074 


0.007 


0.0083 


600 


0.014 


0.0100 


0.013 


0.0107 


0.012 


0.0114 


0.011 


0.0128 


0.010 


0.0143 


700 


0.019 


0.0159 


0.018 


0.0170 


0.017 


0.0181 


0.015 


0.0204 


0.014 


0.0227 


800 


0.025 


0.0237 


0.024 


0.0254 


0.022 


0.0271 


0.020 


0.0305 


0.018 


0.0339 


900 


0.032 


0.0337 


0.030 


0.0361 


0.028 


0.0385 


0.025 


0.0434 


0.022 


0.0482 


1,000 


0.040 


0.0463 


0.037 


0.0496 


0.035 


0.0539 


0.031 


0.0595 


0.028 


0.0661 


1,100 


0.048 


0.0316 


0.045 


0.0630 


0.042 


0.0704 


0.035 


0.0792 


0.034 


0.0880 


1,200 


0.057 


0.0800 


0.053 


0.0857 


0.050 


0.0914 


0.044 


0.1024 


0.040 


0.1142 


1,300 


0.067 


0.1017 


0.063 


0.1089 


0.058 


0.1162 


0.052 


0.1307 


0.047 


0.1452 


1,400 


0.078 


0.1270 


0.073 


0.1360 


0.068 


0.1451 


0.060 


0.1632 


0.054 


0.1814 


1,500 


0.089 


0.1562 


0.083 


0.1673 


0.078 


0.1785 


0.069 


0.2008 


0.062 


0.2231 


1,600 


0.102 


0.1895 


0.095 


0.2031 


0.089 


0.2166 


0.079 


0.2437 


0.071 


0.2707 


1,700 


0.115 


0.2273 


0.107 


0.2436 


0.103 


0.2598 


0.089 


0.2923 


0.080 


0.3247 


1,800 


0.129 


0.2702 


0.120 


0.2891 


0.112 


0.3084 


0.100 


0.3469 


0.090 


0.3855 


1.900 


0.143 


0.3174 


0.134 


0.3401 


0.125 


0.3627 


0.111 


0.4080 


0.103 


0.4534 


2,000 


0.159 


0.3702 


0.148 


0.3966 


0.139 


0.4230 


0.123 


0.4759 


0.111 


0.5288 


6,200 


0.192 


0.4927 


0.179 


0.5279 


0.168 


0.5631 


0.149 


0.6334 


0.134 


0.7038 


2,400 


0.239 


0.6393 


0.213 


0.6855 


0.200 


0.6910 


0.178 


0.8224 


0.160 


0.9138 


2,600 


0.268 


0.8132 


0.250 


0.8714 


0.234 


0.9294 


0.209 


1.0456 


0.188 


1.1618 


2,800 


0.311 


1.0157 


0.290 


1.0884 


0.272 


1.1608 


9.242 


1.3059 


0.218 


1.4510 


3,000 


0.357 


1.2490 


0.333 


1.3388 


0.312 


1.4280 


0.278 


1.6062 


0.250 


1.7847 


3,200 


0.406 


1.5162 


0.379 


1.6246 


0.356 


1.7328 


0.316 


1.9494 


0.284 


2.1660 


3,400 


0.459 


1.8186 


0.428 


1.9487 


0.413 


2.0950 


0.357 


2.3382 


0.321 


2.5980 


3,600 


0.514 


2.1620 


0.480 


2.3132 


0.450 


2.4671 


0.400 


2.8153 


0.360 


3.0840 


3,800 


0.573 


2.5389 


0.535 


2.7206 


0.50] 


2.9016 


0.446 


3.2683 


0.401 


3.6270 


4,000 


0.635 


2.9613 


0.593 


3.1731 


0.556 


3.3843 


0.494 


3.8074 


0.444 


4.2304 


4,200 


0.700 


3.4281 


0.653 


3.6729 


0.612 


3.9178 


0.544 


4.4075 


0.490 


4.8972 


4,400 


0.768 


3.9415 


0.717 


4.2234 


0.672 


4.5045 


0.595 


5.0676 


0.535 


5.6307 


4,800 


0.914 


5.1171 


0.853 


5.4836 


0.800 


5.8481 


0.711 


6.5791 


0.640 


7.3101 


5,200 


1.073 


6.5059 


1.011 


6.9713 


0.935 


7.4354 


0.835 


8.3648 


0.751 


9.2942 


5,600 


1.244 


8.1258 


1.161 


8.7070 


1.089 


9.2866 


0.968 10.4474 


0.871 


11.6082 


6,000 


1.429 


9.9918 


1.333 


10.7100 


1.250 


11.4221 


1.111 12.8498 


1.000 


14.2776 



28 



Pipe and Elbow Chart 



Pressure and Horse-Power Required to Compensate for the 
Friction of Air Passing through Pipes — Continued 



U V 

11 


DIAMETER OF PIPE | 


44-inch 


48-inch 


52-inch 


56-inch 


60-inch 




4J C 
v> 


N • 

,*. C 

III 




^8c 
'11 






w 
u 




", y 
I c 


100 


0.000 0.0001 


0.000 0.0001 


0.000 


0.0001 


0.000 0.0001 


0.000 


0.0001 


200 


0.001 0.0003 


0.001 


0.0006 


0.001 


0.0007 


0.001 0.0007 


0.001 


0.0038 


300 


0.002 0.0020 


0.002, 0.0021 


0.002 


0.0023 


0.002 0.0025 


0.002 


0.0027 


400 


0.001 0.0047 0.004 0.0051 


0.003 


0.0055 


0.003 0.0059 0.003 


0.0083 


500 


0.008^ 0.0031 0.006 0.0099 


0.005 


0.0107 


0.005' 0.0116 0.005 


0.0124 


600 


0.009 0.0157 


0.008 0.0171 


0.008 


0.0183 


0.007 0.0200 0.007 


0.0214 


700 


0.012 


0.0249 


0.011 0.0272 0.010 


0.0295 


0.010 0.0317 0.009 


0.0310 


8;)0 


0.016 


0.0372 


0.015 0.0405 0.014 


0.0440 


0.013 0.0474 0.012 


0.0508 


900 


0.020 0.0530 


0.019 


0.0578, 0.017 


0.0626 


0.016 0.0375 0.015 


0.0723 


1,000 


0.025 0.0727 


0.023 0.0793 0.021 


0.0859 


0.020 0.0925 0.019 


0.0991 


1,100 


0.030 


0.0988 


0.028' 0.1055 0.026 


0.1144 


0.024' 0.1232 


0.022 


0.1320 


1,200 


0.036 


0.1253 


0.033 0.1371 0.031 


0.1485 


0.029 0.1599 


0.027 


0.1713 


1,300 


0.043 


0.1597 


0.039 0.1746 0.036 


0.1888 


0.034 0.2033 


0.031 


0.2178 


1,400 


0.049 


0.1995 


0.045 0.2177 0.042 0.2360 


0.039 


0.2539 


0.033 


0.2721 


1,500 


0.057 


0.2451 


0.052 0.2677 0.048 0.2900 


0.045 


0.3123 


0.042 


0.3346 


1,000 


0.069 


0.2938 


0.059 0.3249, 0.055 


0.3520 


0.051 


0.3790 


0.047 


0.4031 


1,700 


0.073 0.3572 


0.087 


0.3897, 0.082 


0.4220 


0.057 


0.4546 


0.051 


0.4871 


1.800 


0.082 0.4240 


0.075 


0.4628 0.069 


0.5011 


0.034 


0.5406 


0.030 


0.5782 


1,900 


0.091 0.4987 


0.084 


0.5440 0.077 


0.5890 


0.072 


0.6347 


0.037 


0.6800 


2,000 


0.101 0.5817 


0.093 


0.6346 


0.085 


0.6874 


0.079 


0.7403 


0.074 


0.7932 


2.200 


0.122 


0.7742 0.112 


0.8146 


0.103 


0.91.50 0.096 


0.9854, 0.090 


1.1607 


2,400 


0.145 


1.0051 0.133 


1.0965 


0.123 


1.1879 


0.119 


1.2793 


0.107 


1.3706 


2. GOO 


0.171 


1.2779 


0.153 


1.3941 


0.144 


1.5103 


0.134 


1.6265 


0.125 


1.7427 


2,800 


0.198 


1.5961 


0.181 


1.7412 


0.168 


1.8834 


0.156 


2.0314 


0.145 


2.1765 


3,000 


0.227 


1.9332 


0.208 


2.1416 


0.192 


2.3201 


0.179 


2.4979 


0.167 


2.6771 


3,200 


0.259 


2.3826 0.237 


2.5002 


0.219 


2.8157 


0.203 


3.0324 


0.190 


3.2489 


3,400 


0.292 


2.8578 0.288 


3.1176 


0.247 


3.3764 


0.229 


3.6372 


0.214 


3.8970 


3.G00 


0.327 


3.3924 0.300 


3.7007 


0.279 


4.0091 


0.257 


4.3239 


0.240' 4.6259 


3,800 


0.365 


3.9897 


0.334 


4.3481 


0.309 


4.7519 


0.287 


5.0779 


0.267 5.4406 


4,000 


0.401 


4.6934 


0.370 


5.0765 


0.342 


5.4995 


0.317 


5.9226 


0.296 6.3453 


4,200 


0.445 


5.4669 


0.408 


5.8767 


0.377 


6.3664 


0.350 


6.8581 


0.327 7.3458 


4,400 


0.487 


6.1937 


0.446 


6.7568 


0.414 


7.3199 


0.384 


7.8829 


0.357 8.4460 


4,800 


0.582 


8.0411 


0.533 


8.7722 


0.492 


9.5032 


0.457 10.2342 


0.42710.9612 


5.200 


0.683 


10.2236 


0.626 


11.1530 


0.57812.0824 


0.537 13.0119 


0.501 


13.9413 


5,G00 


0.792 


12.7690 


0.726 


13.9300 


0.670 15.0907 


0.622 16.2515 


0.581 


17.4123 


G.OOO 


0.900 


15.7054 


0.833 


17.1331 


0.769' 18. 5609 


0.714 19.9835 


0.667 


21.4164 



Weights of Elbows and Ducts 



29 



Pressure and Horse-Pozver Required to Compensate for the 
Friction of Air Passing through Pipes — Continued 



< 1 


DIAMETER OF 


PIPE 








11-inch 


tl2-inch 


13- 


nch 


14- 


nch 


16- 


inch 




c " 

m 


"" 

Xc 


.!■! 
f 


Xc 


I N • 

^ c 

°£'" 

Hi 


— 

XC 


4^ 


*i c 
te 

, 

Xc 


^ic 

ID— a 

Hi 


*. c 

II) 

u 

Xc 


100 


0.001 


0.0000 


0.001 


0.0000 


0.001 


0.0000 


0.001 


0.0000 


O.OOI 


0.0000 


200 


0.004 


0.0001 


0.004 


0.0002 


0.003 


0.0002 


0.003 


0.0002 


0.003 


0.0002 


300 


0.009 


0.0005 


0.008 


0.0005 


0.008 


0.0006 


0.007 


0.0006 


0.003 


0.0007 


400 


0.016 


0.0012 


0.015 


0.0013 


0.014 


0.0014 


0.013 


0.0015 


0.011 


0.0017 


500 


0.025 


0.0023 


0.023 


0.0025 


0.021 


0.0027 


0.020 


0.0029 


0.017 


0.0033 


600 


0.036 


0.0039 


0.033 


0.0043 


0.031 


0.0046 


0.029 


0.0050 


0.025 


0.0057 


700 


0.049 


0.0062 


0.045 


0.0068 


0.041 


0.0074 


0.039 


0.0079 


0.034 


0.0091 


800 


0.064 


0.0093 


0.059 


0.0102 


0.055 


0.0109 


0.051 


0.0118 


0.044 


0.0135 


900 


0.081 


0.0132 


0.075 


0.0145 


0.069 


0.0157 


0.064 


0.0169 


0.056 


0.0193 


1,000 


0.101 


0.0182 


0.092 


0.0198 


0.085 


0.0215 


0.079 


0.0231 


0.069 


0.0264 


1,100 


0.122 


0.0242 


0.112 


0.0264 


0.103 


0.0283 


0.096 


0.0308 


0.084 


0.0352 


1,200 


0.145 


0.0314 


0.133 


0.0343 


0.123 


0.0371 


0.114 


0.0400 


0.100 


0.0457 


1,300 


0.170 


0.0399 


0.156 


0.0437 


0.144 


0.0472 


0.134 


0.0508 


0.117 


0.0581 


1,400 


0.198 


0.0499 


0.181 


0.0544 


0.167 


0.0589 


0.156 


0.0835 


0.136 


0.0726 


1,500 


0.227 


0.0613 


0.208 


0.0609 


0.192 


0.0725 


0.179 


0.0781 


0.156 


0.0892 


1,600 


0.259 


0.0735 


0.237 


0.0812 


0.219 


0.0880 


0.203 


0.0948 


0.178 


0.1083 


1,700 


0.292 


0.0893 


0.268 


0.0974 


0.247 


0.1055 


0.229 


0.1137 


0.207 


0.1299 


1,800 


0.327 


0.1060 


0.300 


0.1156 


0.278 


0.1253 


0.257 


0.1351 


0.225 


0.1542 


1,'JOO 


0.365 


0.1247 


0.334 


0.1360 


0.308 


0.1472 


0.287 


0.1587 


0.251 


0.1814 


2,000 


0.404 


0.1454 


0.370 


0.1583 


0.341 


0.1719 


0.317 


0.1851 


0.278 


0.2115 


2,200 


0.489 


0.1936 


0.448 


0.2111 


0.413 


0.2287 


0.384 


0.2463 


0.336 


0.2815 


2,400 


0.582 


0.2513 


0.533 


0.2741 


0.492 


0.2970 


0.457 


0.3198 


0.400 


0.3455 


2,600 


0.683 


0.3195 


0.626 


0.3485 


0.,578 


0.3776 


0.537 


0.4063 


0.468 


0.4647 


2,800 


0.792 


0.3990 


0.726 


0.4353 


0.670 


0.4716 


0.622 


0.5079 


0.544 


0..5804 


3,000 


0.909 


0.4908 


0.833 


0.5354 


0.769 


0.5800 


0.714 


0.6245 


0.625 


0.7140 


3,200 


1.034 


0.5956 


0.948 


0.6498 


0.875 


0.7039 


0.813 


0.7581 


0.711 


0.8364 


3,400 


1.168 


0.7144 


1.070 


0.7794 


0.988 


0.8141 


0.917 


0.9093 


0.827 


1.0475 


3,600 


1.309 


0.8481 


1.200 


0.9252 


1.114 


1.0023 


1.029 


1.0800 


0.900 


1.2335 


3,800 


1.459 


0.9974 


1.337 


1.0871 


1.234 


1.1880 


1.146 


1.2695 


1.003 


1.4508 


4,000 


1.616 


1.1734 


1.481 


1.2691 


1.367 


1.3749 


1.270 


1.4807 


1.111 


1.6922 


4.200 


1.782 


1.3667 


1.633 


1.4692 


1.508 


1.5916 


1.400 


1.7140 


1.225 


1.9589 


4,400 


1.946 


1.5484 


1.784 


1.6892 


1.655 


1.8300 


1.537 


1.9707 


1.344 


2.2522 


4,800 


2.327 


2.0103 


2.133 


2.19.30 


1.969 


2.3758 


1.829 


2.5585 


1.600 


2.9241 


5,200 


2.731 


2.5559 


2.504 


2.7882 


2.311 


3.0206 


2.146 


3.2530 


1.871 


3.7177 


5,600 


3.168 


3.1923 


2.904 


3.4825 


2.680 


3.7727 


2.481 


4.0629 


2.178 


4.6433 


6,000 


3.636 


3.9263 


3.333 


4.2833 


3.077 


4.6402 


2.857 


4.9959 


2.500 


5.7110 



30 



Pipe and Elbow Chart 



Pressure and Horse-Poiver Required to Co 
Friction of Air Passing through Pipes 



mjjensate for the 
-Concluded 



U 4> 
< g 

1 1 






DIAMETER OF 


PIPE 


1 


18-mch 


20-inch 


22- 


inch 


24- 


inch 


26-inch 1 


HI 




2"". 0" 
« * 


M 

u 

^£ 

Xc 


« • 


.p C 

M 

u 

Xc 


4^ 


11 

, u 

Xc 


4^. 


*i c 

« 

-2 "5 
u 

^^ 

Xc 


100 


0.001 


0.0000 


0.001 


0.0000 


0.001 


0.0000 


0.000 


0.0000 


0.000 


0.0000 


200 


0.002 


0.0002 


0.002 


0.0003 


0.002 


0.0003 


0.002 


0.0003 


0.002 


0.0003 


300 


0.006 


0.0008 


0.005 


0.0009 


0.005 


0.0010 


0.004 


0.0011 


0.004 


0.0012 


400 


0.010 


0.0019 


0.009 


0.0021 


0.008 


0.0023 


0.007 


0.0025 


0.007 


0.0027 


500 


0.016 


0.0037 


0.014 


0.0041 


0.013 


0.0045 


0.012 


0.0050 


o.on 


0.0054 


600 


0.022 


0.0064 


0.020 


0.0071 


0.018 


0.0079 


0.017 


0.0086 


0.015 


0.0093 


700 


0.030 


0.0102 


0.027 


0.0113 


0.025 


0.0125 


0.023 


0.0136 


0.021 


0.0147 


800 


0.040 


0.0152 


0.036 


0.0169 


0.032 


0.018) 


0.029 


0.0203 


0.027 


0.0220 


900 


0.050 


0.0217 


0.045 


0.0241 


0.041 


0.0265 


0.037 


0.0289 


0.035 


0.0313 


1,000 


0.062 


0.0297 


0.056 


0.0330 


0.051 


0.0364 


0.046 


0.0397 


0.043 


0.0430 


1,100 


0.075 


0.0396 


0.067 


0.0440 


0.061 


0.0481 


0.056 


0.0528 


0.052 


0.0572 


1,200 


0.089 


0.0512 


0.080 


0.0571 


0.073 


0.0628 


0.037 


0.0885 


0.032 


0.0742 


1,300 


0.104 


0.0654 


0.094 


0.0726 


0.085 


0.0709 


0.078 


0.0873 


0.072 


0.0944 


1,400 


0.121 


0.0816 


0.109 


0.0907 


0.099 


0.0938 


0.091 


0.1088 O.OSi 


0.1179 


1,500 


0.139 


0.1004 0.125 


0.1115 


0.114 


0.1227 


0.104 


0.1339 0.096 


0.1450 


1,600 


0.158 


0.1218 0.142 


0.1354 


0.129 


0.1469 


0.119 


0.1624 0.109 


0.1760 


1.700 


0.178 


0.1461 


0.161 


0.1624 


0.146 


0.1780 


0.134 


0.1948 0.124 


0.2110 


1,800 


0.200 


0.1735 


0.180 


0.1927 


0.164 


0.2120 


0.150 


0.2313 0.139 


0.2506 


1,900 


0.223 


0.2040 0.201 


0.2267 


0.182 


0.2494 


0.167 


0.2720 0.154 


0.2945 


2,000 


0.247 


0.2380 0.222 


0.2644 0.202 


0.2908 


0.185 


0.3173 0.171 


0.3437 


2,200 


0.299 


0.3167 


0.269 


0.3519 0.244 


0.38n 


0.224 


0.4223 


0.207 


0.4575 


2,400 


0.356 


0.4112 


0.320 


0.4569 0.291 


0.5026 


0.287 


0.5483 


0.248 


0.5939 


2,600 


0.417 


0.5228 


0.376 


0.5809 0.341 


0.6390 


0.313 


0.6971 


0.289 


0.7552 


2,800 


0.484 


0.6530 


0.436 


0.7255 0.396 


0.7981 


0.363 


0.8706 


0.335 


0.9432 


3.000 


0.556 


0.8031 


0.500 


0.8923 0.455 


0.9818 


0.417 


1.0708 


0.385 


1.1601 


3,200 


0.632 


0.9747 


0.569 


1.0830 0.517 


1.1913 


0.474 


1.2996 


0.438 


1.4079 


3.400 


0.714 


1.1690 


0.642 


1.2990 0.581 


1.4289 


0.535 


1.5588 


0.494 


1.6882 


3.600 


O.SOO 


1.4078 


0.720 


1.5420 


0.655 


1.6962 


0.600 


1.8504 


0.557 


2.0046 


3.800 


0.891 


1.6342 


0.802 


1.8135 


0.729 


1.9949 


0.669 


2.1742 


0.617 


2.. 3760 


4,000 


0.988 


1.9037 


0.889 


2.1152 


0.808 


2.3467 


0.741 


2.5382 


0.684 


2.7498 


4,200 


1.089 


2.2037 


0.980 


2.4486 


0.891 


2.7335 


0.817 


2.9383 


0.754 


3.1832 


4,400 


1.189 


2.5338 


1.071 


2.8153 


0.973 


3.0969 


0.892 


3.3784 


0.827 3.6599 


4.800 


1.422 


3.2898 


1.280 


3.6551 


1.164 


4.0206 


1.067 


4.3881 


0.985^ 4.7516 


5,200 


1.670 


4.1824 


1.502 


4.6471 


1.366 


5.1118 


1.252 


5.5765 


1.156 6.0412 


5,600 


1.936 


5.2237 


1.742 


5.8041 


1.581 


6.3845 


1.452 


6.9649 


1.340 7.5153 


6.000 


2.222 


6.42491 2.000 


7.1388 


1.818 


7.8527 


1.667 


8.5666 


1.538 9.2804 



Weights of Elbows and Ducts 



31 



Factor Table for Reducing the Weight of Galvanised Iron 
Pipe of any Given Gauge to That of any Other Gauge 



3 


Gauge and Weight in Pounds per Square Foot 1 


12 


13 


14 


15 


16 


17 


18 


19 


20 


21 


22 


23 


24 


25 


26 


27 28 





4.53 
1.00 


3.91 

0.83 


3.28 
0.72 


2.97 
0.66 


2.66 
0.59 


0.53 


2.16 
0.48 


1.90 
0.42 


1.66 
0.37 


1.53 
0.34 


1.41 
0.31 


1.28 
0.28 


1.16 
0.26 


1.03 
0.23 


0.91 
0.20 


0.84 0.78 
0.190.17 


12 


13 


1.16 


1.00 


0.84 


0.76 


0.68 0.62 


0.55 


0.49 


0.43 


0.39 


0.36 


0.33 


0.30 


0.26 


0.23 


0.22 0.20 


14 


1.38 


1.19 


1.00 


0.91 


0.81 0.74 


0.6G 


0.5S 


0.51 


0.47 


0.43 


0.39 


0.35 


0.32 


0.28 


0.26 0.24 


15 


1.53 


1.32 


1.10 


1.00 


0.90 0.81 


0.73 


0.64 


0.56 


0.52 


0.48 


0.43 


0.39 


0.35 


0.31 


0.280.27 


16 


1.70 


1.47 


1.23 


1.11 


1.000.91 


0.81 


0.71 


0.62 


0.58 


0.530.48 


0.44 


0.39 


0.34 


0.320.29 


17 


1.88 


1.62 


1.36 


1.23 


1.101.00 


0.90 


0.79 


0.69 


0.03 


0.590.530.48'0.43 


0.38 


0.350.32 

1 


18 


2.10 


1.81 


1.52 


1.38 


1.231.12 


1.00 


0.83 


0.77 


0.71 


0.65 0.59 0.54 0.48 


0.42 


0.39 0.36 


19 


2.3812.06 


1.73 


1.56 


1.401.27 


1.11 


1.00 


0.87 


0.81 


0.74 0.67 0.610.54 


0.48 


0.44 0.41 


20 


2.72 


2.36 


1.98 


1.79 


1.60 


1.45 


1.30 


1.16 


1.00 


0.92 


0.85 0.77 0.70 0.62 


0.55 


0.510.47 

1 


21 


2.96 


2.56 


2.14 


1.94 


1.74 


1.57 


1.41 


1.24 


1.09 


1.00 


0.92 0.84 0.76 0.67 


0.59 


0.55 0.51 


22 


3.21 


2.77 


2.32 


2.10 


1.89 


1.71 


1.53 


1.35 


1.18 


1.08 


1.00 0.910.8210.73 


0.65 


0.60 0.55 


23 


3.54 


8.07 


2.56 


2.32 


2.08 


1.88 


1.69 


1.49 


1..30 


1.20 


1.10 


1.00 0.91 


0.81 


o.n 


0.660.61 


24 


3.90 


3.37 


2.82 


2.56 


2.29 


2.08 


1.86 


1.61 


1.43 


1.32 


1.22 


1.10 


1.00 


0.89 0.78 0.72 0.67 


25 


4.40 


3.79 


3.18 


2.88 


2.58 2.34 


2.10 


1.86 


1.61 


1.49 


1.37 


1.24 


1.12 


1.00 0.880.82 0.76 


26 


4.98 


4.30 


3.603.26 


2.92 2.65 


2.37 


2.10 


1.82 


1.68 


1.55 


1.41 


1.27 


1.13 


1.00 0.92 0.86 

1 1 


27 


5.40 


4.66 


3.903.54 


3.17 2.87 


2..57 


2.28 


1.96 


1.82 


1.68 


1.52 


1.38 


1.23 


1.08 1.00 0.93 


28 


5.81 


5.01 


4.203.80 


3.41 3.09 


2.77 


2.45 


2.13 


1.96 


1.81 


1.64 


1.49 


1.32 


1.171.08 1.00 



The table above serves for the estimation of weights 
of pipe of other gauges than those given in the pre- 
ceding table. Thus, suppose it is desired to find the 
weight of 28-inch pipe made of No. i6 gauge. As 
indicated in the preceding table, pipe of this size made 
of No. 22 gauge weighs 11.4 pounds per running foot. 
By the table above, the figure found at the junction of 
the column headed 16 and the line designated 22 is 
1.89; therefore, the weight per foot of No. 16 gauge 
is 11.4X 1.89 = 21.55 pounds. 



32 



Pipe and Elbow Chart 



I ->} cc -* to 



Equalization of Pipe Diameters ^ 

This table shows the relation of the com- g^n 

bined area of small round air ducts or pipes ^^^ 

to the area of one large main duct. <^^^^ 

The bold figures at the top of the col- '^^r^r^ 



ci CO eo vo in 
CO •* in«D t- 



"^ in o 1-- Ci 



(M (M CQ 

cQ CO in 

C* Ol -M 



(M CO in «5 t- 



I ci CO in <» CO oi 



r-li-Hi— i-H^r-l(MCi 
I M CO in t^ C5 rH (N -^ 
I 1-1 rH rH r-l r4 CQ oi (m' 



C» CvJ OJ OJ (N C^ 

0200J-*in|8>03rH 
rH(NCQ<M(M(M'MCO 
-HCO'i'CDQOiOC*-^ 
C* Oi OJ (M CJ OO CO CO 
•* m t- CJ rH 
cj (M (M OJ CO 

t~ oo o CO in 

M (M Co' CO CO 



CO Co' CO 

t-oco 



umn represent the diameters of the jg ' ^. •^^. =^. -*. ^ ; f-; «> <= '-^. ^ ^i; «> « 
small pipes or ducts ; those in the left- ' 
hand vertical column are the diam- ^ 
eters of the main pipes. The small ^Jlt,CrJt.^Z^ 
figures show the number of small 
pipes that each main duct will 
supply. \ 

Example: — To supply six- ^r 
teen 10-inch pipes: Refer ^^J 
to column having 10 at "^rH'r 
the top; follow down to ^^•^•' 
small figure 16, thence 52^.^;^.; 
left on the horizontal 
line of the boldface 
figure in the outside 
column, and we ^ 



OJ -f O CO o 
i-l ^ i-H 1-J C! 

■* t^ 00 1-1 (^^ 



c^ 1-1 CO in o 

r^ OJ (N C\J Cl 

(M -* (» c: o 

Ci <M OJ (>* CO 

m t- o C'O tc 

r-l iH i-l CJ (M OJ CQ CO* CO* CO* 
?D Oi rH -* O Ci tH in 00 r-l 

rH th (^^ (N oi ' oj CO* CO CO* ■* 

O OJ -* C5 i-l -^ O iH •«*< t^ 

^^^ CQ <M cj CO co CO* ■** ■.!<* ■^* 



OCO IT 

in m IT 

J>OC^ 



o din t- o 

^D CO* co" CO* ■* 

-f t- Ci OJ CO 

CO* CO* CO ^ -t 
C5 OJ -f 00 CO 

CO* ■** -*' ■*' in* j in (»' CO 
in 00 CQ in rH in Si '^^ 
■.j< ■*' in* in CO I CO* co" i~ 

rH t- O 't' tH CO C^ CO 

in m CO CO t- t- t- 00 



1-1 cocooociin ocooooit-'r-imi-ico-f c. coo 
<M cj(M(>jcoco •^•*-t<inin cocot>i>oo oooj 
in CO 1-1 ■* 00 cj t- 1-1 1><M i> 1* o in ri o i-ii-icj 



I (M CO eo -^ 



Ir- O CO CO Ci CJ t- r-l CO (M i> rH 00 in O Ci CO O 

i-Io}iM!M(Nco'co-*M<inincocoi>o6oocft | 

fi nd that one 30 c^ "^J. "'. t^ rn -<< oo « co i-h in o t- ^ oi in co ,-< o o r-i w co -^ co co oo 

_ '~i-irHrH'MCioieo'co'^-<i<inincocoi>ooc>05"i i 

inch main will ,-ciinooc-> cooiTjiciin oit-Mcoo cocooi-KMCo-^m 
*" " *rHoi<>iMco"coTi<'in*incDJ>o6o6oi | 



_ ... - _; 00 o O oi 

■r^T^r-^ i-l tH rH rH r^ rH CI Ol 



supply air for 
the sixteen 
1 - i n c h c 
pipes. es' 



in 1-1 00 CO 

rH* C^ (M CO 



COCOOiCOCO (-^>00C0Ol-IC>-2CQ00ClO 1-1 
• • • • r-l r-l 

tH r-l rH (M Oi CO CO "ti in in I CO t- t- 00 I 

t- o in o CO (M 02 i> in -^ I -t< CO o cj CO -f 

1 l--rHi-lrHi-l 

i-iiMOiioco,^-*incoi>,ooc2 

Oi CO 

(NCQCo-^-^lmcot-cOdl 






int^CJO'rNComt-Ooicot- 

i-li-lT-l(Me*(M(>i(>iCOCOCOCO 

I ■ i — I I 

00 i> CO t> 00 CI o CO -*< CO t- o 1-1 CO in 00 O o in t- o co m o 

•|_.._;_-.,'_-,i-lrHi-liHi-l i-((M(M<MC^,COCOeOeO^ -^ ^ ^ 

>-i 00 t- t- t- ! (ft CI o (N -i< ' in 00 e> IN -* t- o> ojin 00 ' o cd in i-i CO 

rH 1-1 r-l , tH iH O* (M C* d 04 CO CO CO 1 ■* t^i •^ lO in ^^ v;^ ,i^ 

coco-^inco,t-05 I 

int^cicoci'i-icocoooo ococicjin eicooooco oieoococj oo-fo 
r-ir-ii-^i-iciC(CJdcococo-*-*<inm,incoi^£^ooooC20 

■* in CO 00 c; I i i 1 i i-i 



coco 
"cic^ 

ciin O: 

. CO CJ CO 

• 1-1 CO in 



CO CO CJ CO t> O O 1-1 CO CO 00 1-1 -f CO OJ 

• -1— Ir-lrH rHCJCiCiCO 

rH d CO Tf" in l> CI I 

OOi-lt^COCSCJCOOlCOt^ Ot^COClCO 

1— ii— II— idd.coco-^-^in 

d -*< m I- oi 

l> CO C* CO O CO Ci Ol t~ CO Ift 

. • I-1 1-1 d d CO "" ■■ 
inoo 

cocoddco!r-ioor-05c» 
i-idco-*<inib-ooodin 



1 in , CO i> ( 



00 C5 in d 

O CO {^ iH 
Ci Ci d CO 



i-lr-li 
COt-i 

oin ( 



: in j CO CO i^ i 

)?^'oo i-icii 
) Ci o d CJ ■ 



I CO in C2 in 

I -KCOOO r^ 
1 Ci Ci Ci CO 



in 00 o CO CO o t~ in o ■ 

-fC5coc;->' CM^dOt 
cocoT»i-#in,mcot-oo( 






■in (o r-eoa>^ 



' m CO o o CO 

d CO o -f c: 
I -f i- ^ -f CO 
CO CO -:f< -r -t< 



»-,.-•-»-•.— ^— »— »— »— ^— t>>J CM CM CM CM CM , CM CM < 



Ci O O 1— I 

CO d Cl 



t^ 00 CO r- 



o p o go o ir I 
d I !• O 00 m ; 

c; O 1— I CJ c< CO ■ 



m in CD CO i^ , I- 00 CO 



.— CM CO »r in ' CO r 
crjcococococococo 



Weights of Elbows and Ducts 



33 



Area and Circumference of Circles 



Is 


AREA 


CIRCUM- 
FERENCE 


i| 


AREA 


CIRCUM- 
FERENCE 


Square 


Sq. 


Inches 


Ft. & 


Square 


Sq. 


Inches 


Ft.& 


5"^ 


Inches 


Feet 




Dec. 


5"! 


Inches 


Feet 




Dec. 


1 


.7854 


.0054 


3.1416 


.2618 


51 


2043. 


14.19 


160.3 


13.35 


2 


3.1410 


.0218 


6.2832 


.5236 


52 


2124. 


14.75 


163.4 


13.61 


3 


7.0680 


.0491 


9.4248 


.7854 


53 


2206. 


15.32 


166.5 


13.88 


4 


12.5660 


.0873 


12.5664 


1.047 


54 


2290. 


15.90 


169.6 


14.14 


5 


19.6350 


.1364 


15.708 


1.309 


55 


2376. 


16.50 


172.8 


14.40 


6 


28.2740 


.1964 


18.8496 


1.571 


56 


2463. 


17.10 


175.9 


14.66 


7 


38.4840 


.2673 


21.9911 


1.833 


57 


2552. 


17.72 


179.0 


14.93 


8 


50.2650 


.3491 


25.1327 


2.094 


58 


2643. 


18.35 


182.2 


15.18 


9 


63.617 


.4418 


28.2743 


2.356 


59 


2734. 


18.99 


185.3 


15.45 


10 


78.540 


.5454 


31.4159 


2.618 


60 


2827. 


19.63 


188.5 


15.71 


11 


95.033 


.6600 


34.5575 


2.880 


61 


2922. 


20.29 


191.6 


15.97 


12 


113.097 


.7854 


37.6991 


3.142 


62 


3019. 


20.97 


194.8 


16.23 


13 


132.732 


.9218 


40.8407 


3.403 


63 


3117. 


21.65 


197.9 


16.49 


14 


153.938 


1.069 


43.9823 


3.665 


64 


3217. 


22.34 


201.1 


16.76 


15 


176.715 


1.227 


47.1239 


3.927 


65 


3318. 


23.04 


204.2 


17.02 


16 


201.062 


1.396 


50.2655 


4.189 


66 


3421. 


23.76 


207.3 


17.28 


17 


226.980 


1.576 


53.4071 


4.451 


67 


3536. 


24.48 


210.5 


17.54 


18 


254.469 


1.767 


56.5487 


4.712 


68 


3632. 


25.23 


213.6 


17.80 


19 


283.529 


1.969 


59.6903 


4.974 


69 


3739. 


25.97 


216.8 


18.06 


20 


314.160 


2.182 


62.8319 


5.236 


70 


3848. 


26.73 


219.9 


18.33 


21 


346.361 


2.405 


65.9734 


5.498 


71 


3959. 


27.49 


223.1 


18.59 


23 


380.133 


2.640 


69.1150 


5.760 


72 


4072. 


28.27 


226.2 


18.85 


23 


415.476 


2.885 


72.2566 


6.021 


73 


4185. 


29.07 


229.3 


19.11 


24 


452.290 


3.142 


75.3982 


6.283 


74 


4301. 


39.87 


232.5 


19.37 


25 


490.875 


3.409 


78.5398 


6.545 


75 


4418. 


30.68 


235.6 


19.63 


26 


530.930 


3.687 


81.6814 


6.807 


76 


4536. 


31.50 


238.8 


19.90 


27 


572.556 


3.976 


84.8230 


7.069 


77 


4657. 


33.34 


241.9 


20.16 


28 


615.753 


4.276 


87.9646 


7.330 


78 


4778. 


33.18 


245.0 


20.42 


29 


660.521 


4.587 


91.1062 


7.592 


79 


4:)02. 


34.04 


248.2 


20.68 


30 


706.860 


4.909 


94.2478 


7.854 


80 


5027. 


34.91 


251.3 


20.94 


31 


754.769 


5.241 


97.3894 


8.116 


81 


5153. 


35.78 


254.5 


21.21 


32 


804.249 


5.585 


100.5312 


8.378 


82 


5281. 


36.67 


257.6 


21.47 


33 


855.300 


5.940 


103.6730 


8.639 


83 


5411. 


37.57 


260.8 


21.73 


34 


907.922 


6.305 


106.8140 


8.901 


84 


5542. 


38.48 


263.9 


21.99 


35 


962.115 


6.681 


109.9560 


9.163 


85 


5675. 


39.41 


267.0 


23.25 


36 


1017.870 


7.069 


113.0970 


9.425 


86 


5809. 


40.34 


270.2 


22.. 51 


37 


1075.210 


7.467 


116.2390 


9.686 


87 


5945. 


41.38 


273.3 


22.78 


38 


1134.120 


7.876 


119.3810 


9.948 


88 


6082. 


42.24 


276.5 


23.04 


39 


1194.590 


8.296 


122.5220 


10.21 


89 


6221. 


43.20 


279.6 


23.30 


40 


1256.640 


8.727 


125.6640 


10.47 


90 


6362. 


44.18 


282.7 


23.56 


41 


1320.250 


9.168 


128.8050 


10.73 


91 


6504. 


45.17 


285.9 


23.83 


42 


1385.440 


9.621 


131.947C 


10.99 


92 


6648. 


46.16 


289.0 


.34.09 


43 


1452.200 


10.084 


135.088C 


11.26 


93 


6793. 


47.17 


292.2 


24.35 


44 


1520.530 


10.559 


138.2300 


11.52 


94 


6940. 


48.19 


295.3 


24.61 


45 


1590.430 


11.044 


141.3720 


11.78 


95 


7088. 


49.32 


298.5 


24.87 


46 


1661.900 


11.534 


144.5130 


12.04 


96 


7238. 


50.27 


301.6 


25.13 


47 


1734.940 


12.048 


147.6550 


12.30 


97 


7390. 


51.32 


304.7 


25.39 


48 


1809.560 


12.566 150.7960 


12.57 


98 


7543. 


52.38 


307.9 


25.66 


49 


1885.740 


13.095 153.938C 


12.83 


99 


7698. 


53.46 


311.0 


25.92 


50 


1963.500 


13.635 157.0800 13.09 ' 


100 


7855. 


54.54 


314.2 


26.18 



34 



Pipe and Elbow Chart 





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6 inch 
6 " 
6-8 " 
6-8 " 

7-8 " 
5-6 " 
6-8 " 
































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a 
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feg.e 


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Weights of Elbows and Ducts 35 

Hoods for Wood-Working Machines, etc. 



Hood for 
Emery Wheel 




Jointer Hood 



Resaw Hopper 




4^^ 




Hopper for Swing Saw 



[Hopper for Circular Saw \^ ' ^ ~ 




Floor Sweep-up 




Hood for Sand Drum Lower Matcher Hood Sticker Hood 



36 Pipe and Elbow Chart 

Hoods for Wood-Working Machines, etc. 




\\ 77 



Matcher Hoods for Top and Sides 



7~7 

Sticker Hood 




Hood for Berlin Sander 



Matcher Hood for Top and Sides 



Weights of Elbows and Ducts 
Flue and Register Dimensions 



37 



SIZE OF 


SIZE OF 


SIZE OF 


SIZE OF 


SIZE OF 


SIZE OF 


FLUE 


REGISTER 


FLUE 


REGISTER 


FLUE 


REGISTER 


X, 

a. 
« 
Q 


X 


J3 


X 
Ml 
■« 

X 


a 


X 

*» 


X 
5 


4J 

X 
M 

1 


X 
0. 

Q 


X 


X 


X 
- 

X 


6 


6 


6 


9 


10 


20 


20 


16 


14 


12 


12 


24 


6 


8 


8 


10 


10 


22 


22 


16 


14 


14 


14 


22 


6 


10 


10 


10 


10 


24 


24 


16 


14 


16 


16 


22 


6 


12 


12 


9 


10 


28 


28 


16 


14 


18 


18' 


21 


6 


14 


14 


9 


10 


30 


30 


16 


14 


20 


20 


22 


6 


16 


16 


9 










14 


22 


22 


22 










12 


8 


8 


18 


14 


24 


24 


22 


8 


6 


6 


12 


12 


10 


10 


18 


14 


26 


26 


23 


8 


8 


8 


12 


12 


12 


12 


18 


14 


28 


28 


22 


8 


10 


10 


12 


12 


14 


14 


18 


14 


30 


30 


22 


8 


12 


12 


12 


12 


16 


16 


18 


14 


36 


36 


22 


8 


14 


14 


12 


12 


18 


18 


18 










8 


16 


16 


12 


12 


20 


20 


20 


16 


10 


10 


24 


8 


18 


18 


12 


12 


22 


22 


20 


16 


12 


12 


24 


8 


20 


20 


12 


12 


24 


24 


18 


16 


14 


14 


24 


8 


22 


22 


14 


12 


26 


26 


20 


16 


16 


16 


24 


8 


24 


24 


12 


12 


28 


28 


20 


16 


18 


18 


24 










12 


30 


30 


18 


16 


20 


20 


24 


9 


9 


9 


14 


12 


36 


36 


18 


16 


22 


22 


24 


9 


10 


10 


14 










16 


24 


24 


24 


9 


12 


12 


14 


13 


9 


9 


20 


16 


30 


30 


24 


9 


14 


14 


14 


13 


12 


12 


20 


16 


32 


32 


24 


9 


16 


16 


14 


13 


14 


14 


20 


16 


36 


36 


24 


9 


18 


18 


14 


13 


16 


15 


20 










9 


20 


20 


14 


13 


18 


18 


21 


18 


12 


12 


30 


9 


22 


22 


14 


13 


20 


20 


20 


18 


14 


14 


22 


9 


24 


24 


16 


13 


22 


22 


20 


18 


16 


16 


28 










13 


24 


24 


20 


18 


18 


18 


27 


10 


8 


8 


16 


13 


26 


26 


20 


18 


20 


20 


28 


10 


10 


10 


16 


13 


28 


28 


20 


18 


22 


22 


28 


10 


12 


12 


16 


13 


30 


30 


20 


18 


24 


24 


27 


10 


14 


It 


16 


13 


36 


36 


20 


18 


28 


28 


28 


10 


16 


16 


16 










18 


30 


30 


28 


10 


18 


18 


J6 


14 


10 


10 


24 


18 


36 


36 


28 



Friction Effect of Elbows 

THE effect of air friction through elbows in a 
ventilating system has considerable to do with 
its successful operation. No elbow should have 
a throat radius less than twice the diameter of the 
ducts in a 90 degree turn. The accompanying diagram 






2 3 4 5 6 

Radius of Elbow at Throat In Diameters of Pipe 



38 



Friction Effect of Elbows 39 

illustrates the relation between the radius of the elbow 
and the equivalent length of the straight ducts which 
that type of elbow represents. For example : An elbow 
of which the radius of the throat is equal to the diam- 
eter of the duct, is equivalent to a straight pipe of a 
length equal to ten times the diameter of the duct. 
With a 90 degree elbow, with a square heel or throat, 
the equivalent length is equal to that of a straight pipe 
87 times the diameter of the duct. Too much stress 
cannot be placed upon this rule in the laying out of 
round or rectangular elbows. 



Carrying Capacities of Round and 
Rectangular Air Pipes 

THE relative carrying capacity of air pipes carry- 
ing heated air, as influenced by the shape of the 
air pipe, was discussed at some length at one 
of the lectures before a class in heating conducted by 
James A. Donnelly, at the Harlem Branch of the 
Y. M. C. A., New York. Mr. Donnelly has expanded 
his talk on this detail since that time and supplied the 
information given below, accompanied by a chart. 

He considers that the relative carrying capacity of 
round and rectangular section pipes may be very 
closely estimated on the basis of formulas of the flow 
of fluids through pipes. He therefore goes to the 
Weisbach formula, which, he explains, states that the 
comparative carrying capacity for various forms or 
shapes of pipes is proportional to an expression which 
is the product of the area and the square root of the 
quotient of the area divided by the perimeter of the 
pipe. The perimeter is, of course, the distance around 
the pipe. If the pipes to be compared are all to have 
the same area then the carrying capacity of pipes of 
equal area, but of different shape, is proportional to the 
quotient of the square root of the perimeter divided by 
the perimeter. 

To apply the foregoing, four different shape pipes 
have been considered, each with an area of 144 sq. in. 
A circle with a diameter of 13.54 in. has an area of 
144 sq. in. Similarly a square duct 12 in. on a side has 
this area, also a rectangular duct 6 x 24 and one 4 x 36 
in. The perimeter — that is, the circumference — of the 

40 



Carrying Capacities of Pipes 41 

circle is equal to about 42.6 in., and the square root of 
42.6 is equal to 6.52. Then 6.52, divided by 42.6, is 
equal to 0.153. The perimeter of the square pipe is 
48; the square root of 48 is 6.93, and 6.93 divided by 
48 is equal to 0.144. If we are to compare the carry- 
ing capacity of the different pipes with the circular 
pipe, we find that the relative carrying capacity of the 
square pipe, as compared with the round, is as 0.144 
is to 0.153, or 0.94 to I. This means that if the carry- 
ing capacity of the round pipe is regarded as 100 per 
cent., a square pipe of the same area, on account of its 
greater perimeter and the greater resistance which this 
interposes to the flow of air, passes only 94 per cent, as 
much air as will pass through the round pipe, all other 
conditions, such as temperature and pressure causing 
flow, being the same. 

The perimeter of a 6 x 24-in. duct is 60 in., and the 
square root of 60 divided by 60 is 0.129. Similarly 
the perimeter of a 4 x 36-in. pipe is 80 and the square 
root of 80 divided by 80 is equal to 0.112. Therefore 
the carrying capacity of a 6 x 24-in. pipe, as compared 
with a circular pipe of the same area, is as 0.129 is to 
0.153 o^ 84 P^^ cent., and the relative carrying capacity 
of the 4 x 36-in. pipe is equal to 0.112-^0.53 = 0.73, 
or 73 per cent. 

On the basis of these figures a curved line may be 
drawn as shown in the accompanying chart. The hori- 
zontal lines indicate the percentage which the small 
dimension of a rectangular pipe bears to the large 
dimension, while the vertical lines correspond to the 
percentage of capacity for carrying the air which the 



42 



Pipe and Elbow Chart 



pipe has, as compared with the circular pipe of the 
same area. 

With the square pipe the two sides are equal and thus 
the small dimension is equal to lOO per cent, of the 
large dimension. We find on the loo per cent, line 
that the carrying capacity is 94 per cent., as already 
shown. In the case of a 6 x 24-in. pipe, the short 
dimension is one-quarter and therefore 25 per cent, of 
the larger dimension, and we find that the curve shows 





<-< 


































1 

















































CO 


OS 











































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1 














































































— 




l> 
































1 






s 










































a 



'O 
























• 








/ 









































/ 








s 


































/ 








^ 
































1 










u> 


T« 




























. 


/ 










a 






























/ 


/ 










S 


CO 


























/ 


/ 












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/ 


/ 














53 


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M 


















■e 





















^ 


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8 









_a 







IC 






Percentage of Air Carrying Capjicity as Compared with Round 
Pipe of Equal Area 

that the carrying capacity is 84 per cent., as has also 
already been stated, of the equal size round pipe. Simi- 
larly an 8x i8-in. pipe, which would have an area of 



Carrying Capacities of Pipes 43 

144 sq. in., has its shortest side equal to 44.4 per cent. 
of the longer side. Opposite to a line corresponding 
to 44 per cent, we find that the curve crosses a vertical 
line corresponding to about 90 per cent., showing that 
the 8 X i8-in. has 90 per cent, of the carrying capacity 
of an equal size round pipe. 

Again, suppose the air pipe is 3^x41.2. This 
would have an area of about 144 sq. in. In this case 
the shorter side is 8^ per cent, of the longer side and 
the curve shows that the pipe has a carrying capacity 
no greater than 69 per cent, of an equal size round pipe. 
When it is remembered that pipes in these shallow 
constructions are oftentimes much reduced in area 
through carelessness in installation and through the 
pressure which they have to bear from plaster forced 
against them, some idea of the importance of the shape 
of the pipe is indicated. Comparing the 3^ X4i.2-in. 
pipe with, say, a 6 x 24-in. pipe, we find that their rela- 
tive carrying capacities are 69 and 84 per cent., so that 
the shallower pipe, while having 69 per cent, of the 
carrying capacity of the round pipe, has about 82 per 
cent, of the carrying capacity of the 6 x 24-in. pipe. 

The chart shows that there is no material falling off 
in the capacity of the pipes until the smaller dimen- 
sion of the rectangular pipe falls somewhat below 50 
per cent, of the larger dimension. Then the reduction 
in capacity is very marked. 

Mr. Donnelly did not attempt to apply the formula 
for forms of pipe of the so-called oval in section, such 
as the flat pipes with rounded ends. He thinks that the 
results would vary but slightly from those shown, as 



44 Pipe and Elbow Chart 

the perimeter of a flat pipe 6 x 24 in. is 60 in., while 
the perimeter of a 6-in. width pipe with 3-in. radius 
round ends would be about 57.4 in. 

The foregoing tends to elucidate an important factor 
in the proportioning of systems of gravity heating, like 
the furnace system. It is common to use round pipes 
from the furnace to the wall pipes. If the wall pipes 
are given a proper size, then it is advantageous to have 
the round pipes somewhat larger. Unfortunately, many 
systems are designed with respect to the round pipe 
leaving the furnace and then some convenient size rect- 
angular pipe is used, generally not larger than the 
round pipe. The foregoing shows that the scpare pipe 
has not the same carrying capacity as the round pipe, 
so that if the round pipe is of the minimum size, the 
rectangular wall pipe should be somewhat larger in 
cross sectional area. 



Carrying Capacities of Pipes 



45 



WEIGHT OF WROUGHT IRON AND 


STEEL SHEETS 


Weights per Square Foot. Thickness by American 
(Brown & Sharpe's) Gauge 


No. of Gauge 


Thickness in 
Inches 


Iron 


Steel 


0000 


.46 


18.46 


18.70 


000 


.4096 


16.44 


16.66 


00 


.3648 


14.64 


14.83 





.3249 


13.04 


13.21 


1 


.2893 


11.61 


11.76 


2 


.2576 


10.34 


10.48 


3 


.2294 


9.21 


9.33 


4 


.2043 


8.20 


8.31 


5 


.1819 


7.30 


7.40 


6 


.1620 


6.50 


6.59 


7 


.1443 


5.79 


5.87 


8 


.1285 


5.16 


5.22 


9 


.1144 


4.59 


4.65 


10 


.1019 


4.09 


4.14 


11 


.0907 


3.64 


3.69 


12 


.0808 


3.24 


3.29 


13 


.0720 


2.89 


2.93 


14 


.0641 


2.57 


2.61 


15 


.0571 


2.29 


2.32 


16 


.0508 


2.04 


2.07 


17 


.0453 


1.82 


1.84 


18 


.0403 


1.62 


1.64 


19 


.0359 


1.44 


1.46 


20 


.0320 


1.28 


1.30 


21 


.0285 


1.14 


1.16 


22 


.0253 


1.02 


1.03 


23 


.0226 


.906 


.918 


24 


.0201 


.807 


.817 


25 


.0179 


.718 


.728 


26 


.0159 


.640 


.648 


27 


.0142 


.570 


.577 


28 


.0126 


.507 


.514 


29 


.0113 


.452 


.458 


30 


.0100 


.402 


.408 


31 


.0089 


.358 


.363 


32 


.0080 


.319 


.323 


33 


.0071 


.284 


.288 


34 


.0063 


.253 


.256 


35 


.0056 


.225 


.228 


As there are many gauges in use differing from each other, and even the 
thickness of a certain specified gauge, as the Birmingham, is not assumed 
the same by all manufacturers, orders for sheets and wire should always 
[state the weight per square foot, or the thickness in thousandths of an inch 



46 



Pipe and Elbow Chart 



STEEL ANGLES 
WEIGHTS AND DIMENSIONS OF STANDARD ANGLES 
EQUAL LEGS 



Dimen- 
sions 



Thick- 
ness 



Weight 
per 
Foot 



Area 

of 

Section 



Dimen- 
sions 



Thick- 
ness 



Weight 
per 
Foot 



Inches 



Inches 



Lbs. 



Sq. Ins. 



Inches 



Inches 



Lbs. 



fx f 

|x f 

fx I 
fx f 
|x f 

|x I 
ix I 
|x I 

1 xl 
1 xl 
1 xl 

I xl 

UxU 
HxU 

IjxU 
lixli 

UxU 

lixli 

UxU 
UxU 
UxU 

II xU 
l^xli 

UxU 

Ifxlf 
Ifxlf 
Ifxll 
Uxli 
lixli 

lixli 



No. ^ 
I 



No. 13 



.8 
1.2 
1.5 

.9 
1.3 

1.1 
1.5 
2.0 
2.4 

.92 
1.3 
1.8 
2.4 
2.9 
3.4 



.63 

.82 

1.00 

1.18 

1.34 



2 x2 

2 x2 

2 x2 

2 x2 

2 x2 

2 x2 

2ix2i 
2ix2i 
2ix2i 
2ix2i 
2ix2i 
2ix2i 
2ix2J 

2^x2^ 
2^x2^ 
2ix2i 
2^x2^ 
21 X 2^ 
2^x2i 



2ix2| 
2ix2i 
2ix2i 
2ix2i 
2ix2i 
2ix2i 
2ix2i 



3 x3 

3 x3 

3 x3 

3 x3 

3 x3 

3 x3 



1.7 
2.5 
3.2 
4.0 
4.-7 
5.3 

1.9 
2.8 
3.7 
4.5 
5.3 
6.1 
6.8 

2.1 
3.1 
4.1 
5.0 
5.9 
6.8 
7.7 



2.3 
3.4 
4.5 
5.6 
6.6 
7.6 
8.5 



2.5 
3.7 
4.9 
6.1 

7.2 
8.3 



Standard Angles vary only by ^ inch. 



Carrying Capacities of Pipes 



47 







STEEL ANGLES 








WEIGHTS AND DIMENSIONS OF STANDARD ANGLES 






EQUAL LEGS— Continued 






Dimen- 


Thick- 


Weight 


Area 


Dimen- 


Thick- 


Weight 


Area 


sions 


ness 


per 


of 


sions 


ness 


per 


of 






Foot 


Section 






Foot 


Section 


Inches 


Inches 


Lbs. 


Sq. Ins. 


Inches 


Inches 


Lbs. 


Sq. Ins. 


.3 x3 


h 


9.4 


2.75 


5 x5 


a 


23.6 




3 x3 


^ 


10.4 


3.06 


5 x5 


ii 


25.4 




3 x3 


» 


11.5 


3.36 


5 x5 
5 x5 


i 


27.2 
28.9 




3|x3| 


i 


5.8 




5 x5 


1 


30.6 




3^x3i 


T^ 


7.2 


2.09 










3ix3J 


f 


8.5 


2.49 


6 x6 


f 


14.9 


4.36 


3§x3^ 


^ 


9.8 


2.88 


6 x6 


^ 


17.2 


5.06 


3^x3^ 


h 


11.1 


3.25 


6 x6 


h 


19.6 


5.75 


3^x3i 


A 


12.4 


3.63 


6 x6 


^ 


21.9 


6.44 


3^x31 


f 


13.6 


3.99 


6 x6 


1 


24.2 


7.11 


3^x31 


ii 


14.8 


4.34 


6 x6 


ii 


26.5 


7.78 


3^x3i 


f 


16.0 


4.69 


6 x6 


f 


28.7 


8.44 


3^x31 


H 


17.1 


5.03 


6 x6 


■ M 


31.0 


9.09 










6 x6 


i 


33.1 


9.74 


4 x4 


i 


6.6 




6 x6 


H 


35.3 


10.38 


4 x4 


^ 


8.2 


2.41 


6 x6 


1 


37.4 


11.00 


4 x4 


1 


9.8 


2.86 










4 x4 


ire 


■ 11.3 


3.31 


8 x8 


i 


26.4 


7.75 


4 x4 


1 


12.8 


3.75 


8 x8 


A 


29.6 


8.69 


4 x4 


^ 


14.3 


4.19 


8 x8 


f 


32.7 


9.61 


4 x4 


1 


15.7 


4.62 


8 x8 


ii 


35.8 


10.53 


4 x4 


ii 


17.1 


5.03 


8 x8 


f 


38.9 


11.44 


4 x4 


f 


18.5 


5.44 


8 x8 


if 


42.0 


12.34 


4 x4 


H 


19.9 


5.84 


8 x8 


i 


45.0 


13.24 










8 x8 


if 


48.1 


14.13 


5 x5 


t 


12.3 


3.61 


8 x8 


1 


51.0 


15.00 


5 x5 


1^ 


14.3 


4.19 


8 x8 


ii^ 


54.0 


15.88 


5 x5 


i 


16.2 


4.75 


8 x8 


H 


56.9 


16.74 


5 x5 


^ 


18.1 


5.31 


8 x8 


li 


62.7 




5 x5 


f 


20.0 


5.86 










5x5 


ii 


21.8 


6.41 












" Sta 


mdard Ai 


igles varj 


r only by x 


^ inch. 







48 



Pipe and Elbow Chart 



STEEL ANGLES 

WEIGHTS AND DIMENSIONS OF STANDARD ANGLES 

UNEQUAL LEGS 



Dimen- 
sions 



Thick- 
ness 



Weight 
per 
Foot 



Area 

of 

Section 



Dimen- 
sions 



Thick- 
ness 



Weight 
per 
Foot 



Inches 



[nches 



Lbs. 



Sq. Ins. 



Inches 



Inches 



Lbs. 



1 X f 
1 X I 

1 X I 
1 X f 

Ifx I 
Ifx i 

Ifxl 
Ifxl 

Uxli 
Uxli 

IfxU 

UxU 

IfxU 

If xU 
Ijxli 



xlf 

xlf 

xU 
xU 
xU 
xU 



2ixU 
2ixU 
2ixU 
2ixU 
2ixU 
2ixl,i 



.7 
1.0 

0.9 
1.3 

1.0 
1.9 

1.6 
2.1 

1.7 
2.2 

1.2 
1.8 
2.3 

2.1 
2.7 

1.43 
2.1 
2.8 
3.-1 

2.3 
3.0 
3.7 
4.4 
5.0 
5.6 



.60 
.79 

.43 
.63 

.82 
1.00 



2ixl| 



2^xli 
2ixU 
2^xU 
2^xU 



2ixlf 
2^ X U 

2^x2 
2^x2 
2^x2 
2^x2 
2^x2 
2^x2 
2^x2 

3 x2 

3 x2 

3 x2 

3 x2 

3 x2 

3 x2 



x2i 
x2| 
x2i 
x2i 
x2^ 
x2^ 
x24 



3U1I 



^ 



2.0 



2.4 
3.2 
3.9 
4.62 



2.6 
3.4 

1.86 

2.8 

3.7 

4.5 

5.3 

6.1 



3.1 
4.1 
5.0 
5.9 

6.8 

7.7 

3.4 
4.5 
5.6 
6.6 
7.6 
8.5 
9.5 

3.1 



Standard Angles vary only by rs i'lch. 



Carrying Capacities of Pipes 



49 



STEEL ANGLES 

WEIGHTS AND DIMENSIONS OF STANDARD ANGLES 

UNEQUAL LEGS— Continued 



Dimen- 
sions 



Thick- 
ness 



Weight 
per 
Foot 



Area 

of 

Section 



Dimen- 
sions 



Thick- 



Weight 
per 
Foot 



Area 

of 

Section 



Inches 



3ix2 
3^x2 
3^x2 
3Jx2 
3Jx2 
3ix2 



31 


x2 


3§ 


x2 


3i 


x2^ 


3i 


x2^ 


3^ 


x2i 


3i 


x2^ 


3i 


x2^ 


3^ 


x2i 


3i 


x2i 


3^ 


x2i 


3^ 


x3 


3^ 


x3 


3^ 


x3 


3^ 


x3 


3^ 


x3 


3i 


x3 


3^ 


x3 


3^ 


x3 


3^ 


x3 


4 


x2 


4 


x2 


4 


x3 


4 


x3 



Inches 



Lbs. Sq. Ins. 



Inches 



Inches 



Lbs. 



4.3 
5.3 
6.3 
7.2 
8.1 
9.0 

5.6 
6.6 

4.9 
6.1 

7.2 
8.3 

9.4 
10.4 
11.5 
12.5 

6.6 
7.9 
9.1 
10.2 
11.4 
12.5 
13.6 
14.7 
15.8 

6.2 
7.3 

5.8 
7.2 



1.44 
1.78 
2.11 
2.44 

2.75 
3.06 
3.36 
3.66 

1.94 
2.30 
2.66 
3.00 
3.34 
3.68 
4.00 
4.32 
4.63 



2.09 



x3 
x3 
x3 
x3 
x3 
x3 
x3 
x3 

x3^ 
x3| 
x3i 
x3| 
x3^ 
x3i 
x3^ 
x3^ 



4^x3 
4^ x3 
4^x3 
41x3 
4|x3 
4^x3 
4^x3 
4^x3 
4^ x3 

5 x3 

5 x3 

5 x3 

5 x3 

5 x3 

5 x3 



8.5 
9.8 
11.1 
12.4 
13.6 
14.8 
16.0 
17.1 

7.7 

9.1 

10.6 

11.9 

13.3 

14.7 

16.0 

17.3 

18.5 

7.7 

9.1 

10.6 

11.9 

13.3 
14.7 
16.0 
17.3 

18.5 

8.2 
9.8 
11.3 
12.8 
14.3 
15.7 



Sq. Ins. 



2.49 
2.88 
3.25 
3.63 
3.99 
4.34 
4.69 
5.03 

2.25 
2.68 
3.09 
3.50 
3.91 
4.30 
4.69 



2.68 
3.09 
3.50 

3.91 
4.30 
4.69 



2.41 
2.86 
3.31 
3.75 
4.19 
4.61 



Standard Angles vary only by ys inch. 



50 



Pipe and Elbow Chart 





STEEL ANGLES 






1 


WEIGHTS AND DIMENSIONS OF STANDARD ANGLES | 




UNEQUAL LEGS— Continued 






Dimen- 


Thick- 


Weight 


Area 


Dimen- 


Thick- 


Weight 


Area 


sions 


ness 


per 


of 


sions 


ness 


per 


of 






Foot 


Section 






Foot 


Section 


Inches 


Inches 


Lbs. 


Sq. Ins. 


Inches 


Inches 


Lbs. 


Sq. Ins. 


5 x3 


H 


17.1 


5.03 


6 x3^ 


f 


22.4 


6.57 


5 x3 


3 


18.5 


5.44 


6 x3| 


H 


24.0 


7.06 


5 x3 


h 


19.9 


5.84 


6 x3^ 


i 


25.7 


7.55 










6 x3^ 


H 


27.3 


8.03 


5 x3^ 


A 


8.7 


2.56 


6 x3^ 


1 


28.9 


8.50 


5 x3^ 


1 


10.4 


3.05 










5 x3i 


I^ 


12.0 


3.53 


6 x4 


f 


12.3 


3.61 


5 x3i 


i 


13.6 


4.00 


6 x4 


i% 


14.3 


4.19 


5 x3| 


^ 


15.2 


4.47 


6 x4 


i 


16.2 


4.75 


5 x3| 


f 


16.8 


4.93 


6 x4 


A 


18.1 


5.31 


5 x3^ 


H 


18.3 


5.38 










5 x3^ 


i 


19.8 


5.82 


6 x4 


1 


20.0 


5.86 


5 x3| 


H 


21.3 


6.25 


6 x4 


H 


21.8 


6.41 


5 x3^ 




22.7 


6.68 


6 x4 


i 


23.6 


6.94 










6 x4 


H 


25.4 


7.47 


5 x4 


f 


11.0 


3.24 


6 x4 


I 


27.2 


7.99 


5 x4 


^ 


12.8 


3.75 


6 x4 


H 


28.9 


8.50 


5 x4 


h 


14.5 


4.25 


6 x4 


1 


30.6 


9.00 


5 x4 


^ 


16.2 


4.75 










5 x4 


1 


17.8 


5.24 


7 x3^ 


^e 


15.0 


4.41 


5 x4 


H 


19.5 


5.72 


7 x3^ 


h 


17.0 


5.00 










7 x3i 


A 


19.1 


5.59 


5 x4 


1 


21.1 




7 x3i 


f 


21.0 


6.18 


5 x4 


H 


22.7 




7 x3^ 


H 


23.0 


6.75 


5 x4 


i 


24.2 




7x3^ 




24.9 


7.32 










7 x3^ 


h 


26.8 


7.88 


6 x3^ 


1^ 


11.7 


3.43 


7 x3^ 


I 


28.7 


8.43 


6 x3^ 


I6 


13.5 


3.97 


7 x3^ 


H 


30.5 


8.97 


6 x3i 


§ 


15.3 


4.50 


7 x3^ 


1 


32.3 


9.50 


6 x3^ 


A 


17.1 


5.03 










6 x3i 


f 


18.9 


5.55 


8 xSh 


i 


18.7 




6 x3^ 


H 


20.6 


6.06 


8 x3^ 


u 


20.5 






Standard Angles vary only by 


re inch 







Carrying Capacities of Pipes 



51 



WEIGHT OF ROUND AND SQUARE STEEL 
PER LINEAL FOOT 



Size 

in 

Inches 



Round 



Square 



Size 

in 

Inches 



Round 



Square 



Size 

in 

Inches 



Round 



"A 



.0026 
.0104 
.0417 
.0938 



.2608 
.3756 
.5111 

.6676 
.8449 
1.043 
1.262 

1.502 
1.763 
2.044 
2.347 

2.670 
3.014 
3.379 
3.766 

4.173 
4.600 
5.019 
5.518 

6.008 
6.520 
7.051 
7.604 



.0033 
.0133 
.0531 
.1195 

.2123 
.3333 

.4782 
.6508 

.8500 
1.076 
1.328 
1.608 

1.913 
2.245 
2.603 
2.989 

3.400 
3.838 
4.303 
4.795 

5.312 
5.857 
6.428 
7.026 

7.650 
8.301 
8.978 
9.682 



3 



10.68 
11.36 
12.06 
12.78 

13.52 
14.28 
15.07 
15.86 

16.69 
17.53 
18.40 
19.29 

20.20 
21.12 
22.07 
23.04 

24.03 
25.04 
26.08 
27.13 

28.20 
29.30 
30.42 
31.56 

32.71 
33.90 
35.09 
36.31 



13.60 
14.46 
15.35 
16.27 

17.22 
18.19 
19.18 
20.20 

21.25 
22.33 
23.43 
24.56 

25.00 
26.90 
28.10 
29.34 

30.60 
31.89 
33.20 
34.55 

35.92 
37.31 . 
38.73 
40.18 

41.65 
43.14 
44.68 
46.24 



"A 



42.73 
44.07 
45.44 
46.83 

48.24 
49.66 
51.11 

52.58 

54.07 
55.59 
57.12 
58.67 

60.25 
61.84 
63.46 
65.10 

66.76 
68.44 
70.14 
71.86 

73.60 
75.37 
77.15 
78.95 

80.77 
82.62 
84.49 
86.38 



52 



Pipe and Elbow Chart 



ESTIMATED WEIGHTS OF GALVANIZED 


SHEETS 


U.S.Stand-1 
ard Gauge / 


10 


12 


14 


16 


18 


20 


22 


24 


25 


26 


27 


28 


29 


30 






























Weight perl 
sq. ft., lbs. J 


00 


s 


^ 




s 


o 
S 


8 


g 


§ 


i 


CO 




00 


CO 




lO 


■^ 


CO 


oi 


ci 


'-' 


--* 


^ 


^ 


'^. 


°9 


l> 


t> 


Weight perl 
sq ft., oz. J 


lO 


>o 


lO 


iC 


lO 


>o 


«c 


lO 


lO 


lO 


>o 


lO 


lO 


lO 


05 




£? 


^ 


i 


^ 


?^' 


00 


o 


•^ 


CO 


oi 


^ 


d 


Size of Sheet 


Weight of .Sheet — Pounds 




1 


24 X 72 


69 


54 


39 


32 


26 


20 


17 


14 


12 


11 


10 


9 


9 


8 


24 X 84 


81 


63 


46 


37 


30 


23 


20 


16 


14 


13 


12 


11 


10 


9 


24 X 96 


93 


73 


53 


43 


35 


27 


23 


19 


17 


15 


14 


13 


12 


11 


24 X 120 


116 


91 


66 


53 


43 


33 


28 


23 


21 


18 


17 


16 


14 


13 


26 X 72 


75 


59 


43 


35 


28 


22 


18 


15 


13 


12 


11 


10 


9 


9 


26 X 84 


88 


69 


50 


40 


33 


25 


21 


18 


16 


14 


13 


12 


11 


10 


26 X 96 


100 


79 


57 


46 


37 


29 


24 


20 


18 


16 


15 


14 


12 


11 


26x120 


125 


98 


71 


58 


47 


36 


30 


25 


22 


20 


18 


17 


16 


14 


28 X 72 


81 


63 


46 


37 


30 


23 


20 


16 


14 


13 


12 


11 


10 


9 


28 X 84 


94 


74 


54 


43 


35 


27 


23 


19 


17 


15 


14 


13 


12 


11 


28 X 96 


108 


85 


61 


50 


40 


31 


26 


22 


19 


17 


16 


15 


13 


12 


28 X 120 


135 


106 


77 


62 


50 


39 


33 


27 


24 


21 


20 


18 


17 


15 


30 X 72 


87 


68 


49 


40 


32 


25 


21 


17 


15 


14 


13 


12 


11 


10 


30 X 84 


101 


79 


57 


46 


38 


29 


25 


20 


18 


16 


15 


14 


13 


11 


30 X 96 


116 


91 


66 


53 


43 


33 


28 


23 


21 


18 


17 


16 


14 


13 


30 X 120 


145 


113 


82 


66 


54 


41 


35 


29 


26 


23 


21 


20 


18 


16 


36 X 72 


104 


82 


59 


48 


39 


30 


25 


21 


19 


16 


15 


14 


13 


12 


36 X 84 


121 


95 


69 


55 


45 


35 


30 


24 


22 


19 


18 


16 


15 


14 


36 X 96 


139 


109 


79 


64 


52 


40 


34 


28 


25 


22 


20 


19 


17 


16 


36 X 120 


173 


136 


98 


80 


65 


50 


42 


35 


31 


27 


25 


23 


22 


20 


42 X 72 


121 


95 


71 


56 


45 


34 


29 


24 


22 


19 


18 


16 


15 


14 


42 X 84 


142 


HI 


80 


65 


53 


41 


34 


28 


25 


22 


21 


19 


IS 


16 


42 X 96 


162 


127 


92 


74 


60 


46 


39 


32 


29 


25 


24 


22 


20 


18 


42x120 


202 


159 


115 


93 


75 


58 


49 


41 


36 


33 


29 


27 


25 


23 


48 X 72 


139 


109 


79 


64 


52 


40 


34 


28 


25 


22 


20 


19 


17 


16 


48 X 84 


162 


125 


92 


74 


60 


46 


39 


32 


29 


25 


24 


22 


20 


18 


48 X 96 


185 


145 


105 


85 


69 


55 


45 


37 


33 


29 


27 


25 


23 


21 


48 X 120 


231 


181 


131 


106 


86 


66 


56 


46 


. 


36 


34 


31 


29 





Carrying Capacities of Pipe 



53 



ui 
H 

O 

DC 
O 



(M ■* lO t>. 00 O 



O00OOOGCOO»0'-<O 



(MeCiOCOI>00O'-iiM'^ 



rH S rH . -H (N (N e^ CO 

Tt< 1> O CD 
O '-I CO >o 



(MC0^>O50I>000iO 



CO O 



INC0'*'OiOCOt>0OO5C)'-i'-HC^CO 



05 'J* 00 (N O 



(M 

(N (N CO 



r}<iO»OOl>000000 



^ CO •* I> 

CO 
O i-i C<t to 



i-li-i(NfOCO'<t'OiOOl>l>OOCOOiO'-'^J2 
OOO'^iM'-iOlOOOOCOP^OOJt^S'Jr^^ 
i-HrH(N(NCO-*'*"5'001>t>0000050^^ 



,-i,-H(N(NC0C0-*'*'0'0Oi:01> 



r^ c^ o "O CO 

Ol O lO CD t^ 
1> GO 05 O (M 



rt< CI O t^ CD 



>-i(M(MCOCO'*^'OiOCD 



l> l> 00 O '-' 

o o 



'^. ^^(M(M(NfOCO^'*^'OiOCOCOt^OOO 

"iO(M05CDCOOCOiO(MOcDCO;-^COCOrHiO-^ 
T^rH^00(NCDC>C0t^OTt<C0<M'O05t>''*05 

t^ ^ ^' r-i (n' d (m' CO CO ^ ^ Tf iQ "O to CD l> CO 



,-( ^(NO'^'MCOCOCO-^-^ 



(M (M (M <M CO CO CO 

CD !N C3 O 



^ ^ ^ .-I gvj 



C^l (M CO CO CO CO 



(33 00 00 o CO r^ --I lOoicocDr-^-^oic^ 
^;i-;io?^^coo5'-lcocDoo.-Hcol0 0o 

'*. '^. '^ ^ ,.; ^ r-i d im" g^ c^ CO CO CO CO 



^ ^ ^ ^ ^ (M (M M_CL_05__C0 



(M 00 CO Ol CM O 
t^ IC ^ !M --H CO 

CO lo t>- 05 



^ ^ ^ (M M IM 



OOOOOC^ICO^ 
(M 00 Tti O CD >-i iM •* 
CO Tti CD 00 O 

CD a> CO lO CO --I tf^ 

OCOCOOCJCOOIN 
(N CO lO CD l> Oi 



CO a> lO ^ CO -*i 

-H ^ (N CO CO M< 
(M CO ■* "O CD !>• 






.„ "1- H. "I* "1- -I- H« H" 



12 „« H. HC 



54 



Pipe and Elbow Chart 





< 

Ui 

2 

i 

H 

o 

H 
X 
O 


U 

Q 


IN 


OQOCOt^t^OCOiO-*f<3(M^005000iOTfCCi 




^-"•(NMCOeC-^iCOt^OOOlOrHCMCOrfLO 




(N 


§^§§^S?5ieS2§S^^j;5S22i8 




i-Hrt(N(NC0M'*U5<Ot>.00a>O.-HMC0'*i0 




M 


00C<3l>lN<0.-H»O-*C0(NOO500t^OiOT}<(N^ 




'-<rH<Nc^coeC'*iccDi>i>ooo50'-i(Neo-^ 




(N 


S3 S JS § S S ?? ^ § S§ JS S S? ^ 8 S S g ?? 




^^lM(N(MeOTt<iOiOCD«>Q00500^(NeC 




:r 


g ^ 5§ g ^ K ^ 5 S ^ S § SS g ?§ 2 ^ ?:! S 




^rH,-H(NlNeCiMTj<U0<£>t>t^0005OO^iM 




nl-* 


(N05in(NCi«0(NiOOOOC<:)005(Ni.OOOi-iTt<t^ 
I^O-<**00'-Hi005OCC'-HC0iO(NOt^Tt<(NC5O 




t-Hr-<,-H(N(N(NC0rt<iOi0C0l>C00005OO^ 




r 


!B§?§§§f:;n^8^^Sr:^2§^2S 




^.-i^(M(N(NeOT(<Tj<iOCDCDl>OOOOOsOO 




^ 


iMfOiOOGOOOOCCiOOOOCCiiOOOOCOiCOOO 




i-H.-(rH(N<NC0C0rf*iCiCOdt^000005O 




r 


is ^ 2 ^ ^ § §J g ^ S g 2 S ^ 2§ ^5 § g ^ 




j-i,-Cr-((MC^iMeO-*-<*<iOiC«OCOt>-0000Oi 




xi-« 


S g S ^ g S § § 2 S J^ § ?5 ?2 S J: S SS S§ 




^^^^C^CvlCOCO-^-^iCiOCOOt-t^OO 




-« 


1 i i ^ ^ s fe ^ 5 s K ?5 g s s § s § g 




^^^^MMCCCCTt^-^iOiOyDOt^t^ 




- 


^(Nco-^ictDt^oooc^ecior^oooiNeoict^ 

TfCDOOOIN-'liOOiCaiCCt^'-liCO'^OOINO 




^^^^<M<NC<lfOCC'*TjHiO>OiO«00 




t-lM 


r^iOCOi-tOINrJiOO— c 

cc 'O t^ Oi • •• • • ; 1 • ■ ; 1 ; ; ; ; 




.,. 


--Ht^roOT'OOJcooo 








,_, ,_, • 






»!«> 










<0 Oi y-i ^ <X> -^ O 








H. 










oi en ^ rf <D 






i.sl 


«1« "K H-> "1* »l« "1- Hit, »1« «h« H« H« -1* "l» -» «1« ^ H« 



Calculations for Size of Furnace, Pipes 
and Registers 

The equivalent glass-surface Is equal to the area of 
windows and doors plus one-fourth that of the exposed wall 
expressed in square feet : 

(i) To find area of grate in square inches: Divide equiva- 
lent glass-surface in square feet by 1.25 or multiply by 0.8. 

(2) To find area of flue for any room in square inches : 
Divide equivalent glass-surface in square feet by 1.2 for 
first story, by 1.5 for second story, by 1.8 for third story. 

(3) Make area of vent-flues 0.8 of hot-air flues. 

(4) Make area of cold-air box 0.8 of given areas of flues, 

(5) Take area of chimney smoke-flue in square inches as 
one-twelfth that of grate, with i in. added to each dimension. 

This table gives different sizes of hot-air registers used in 
furnace-practice, together with the equivalents of the capacity 
of the same in round leader-pipes from furnace, with an ele- 
vation of at least i in. to the foot ; also the equivalent in riser- 
pipes (or stacks), and also the cubic feet of space in first, 
second and third stories which said registers, with their 
proper round and square pipes, will heat. The table is based 
on normal conditions, with runs of pipe of usual length, and 
is intended to show the size of registers and pipes necessary 
to raise the temperature of air from zero outside to 70° 
F. inside, within reasonable time, without forcing. The sizes 
that are marked with an asterisk are those recommended 
for general use. The larger the register the less resistance to 
the flow of the heated air, but sizes mentioned will produce 
good results, and, being stock sizes, will always be found in 
stock. 

In planning work arrange to use the sizes referred to. 
It should always be borne in mind, however, that uniform 
heating does not depend so much upon the actual sizes of the 
pipes as upon the relative sizes. For example, in a two-story 
house of eight rooms of exactly the same si^e and the same 
amount of wall and glass area the best heating results will 
be obtained not by using the same size of pipes for all the 
rooms, even if the pipes are of ample capacity, but by carefully 
proportioning the sizes of the pipes according to the exposure, 
length of the leaders, and location of the room in either the 
first or second story. The registers in the rooms with north 
and west exposures should be a little nearer the furnace, if 
possible, than the others, and the pipes to the first story should 
be larger than those leading to the second story. The Inter- 
national Heater Company states that i sq. in. of capacity of 
hot-air pipe will heat 50 cu. ft. in stores and 90 cu. ft. in 
churches when there is but one pipe directly over the furnace. 

55 



5^ Pipe and Elbow Chart 

Dimensions of Registers and Boilers 



SueoT 


Regist 


eft 


Border 


body. 


Extreme 


Depth 


With ribs. 






dimensions. 


open. 


floor opening. 


Tin-box size. 




in 


in- 


in 


in 


4X 6 


SH X 7?« 
SM X 9^4 
SV* Xii'/i 
5! 4 X14U 
5' 4 Xi6M<i 
5'4 Xi9!4 
6H X 9H 


IH 
•21^4 

aU 
2 '4 

2'4 
2'4 

2 






4X 8 






4X10 




4XIJ 




"^ 


4XIS 






4Xl8 






5X 8 


8'/i Xi'i'li" 


5He X 8H» ' 


5XII 


6h Xi29i 


2 


6\i X14H 


5M« Xli*i« 


SXI3 


6?6 X14H 


2 


Hi i<i6l^ 


SMa Xl3Ma 


5Xl6 


6H XnH 


2 


614 Xigli 


sMa Xi6*f8 


6X 6 


7'M6X 7«^^9 


2H 


9Ke X 9?ia 


6»/(8 X 69ia 


6X 8 


7'H«X 9'H« 


2H 


9^/^6 Xiiria 


e^U X 8»/ie 


6X 9 


7'HeXio>Ma 


zH 


9«.f6 Xi2?ia 


6?<6 X 9^16 


6Xio 


7'MeXli>Krt 


2H 


9«/t9 Xi39i$ 


6H» Xio«ia 


6X14 


7'!'16XIS'H9 


2H 


9»ia Xi7?^« 


6?l6 Xi4Me 


6Xi6 


7'H6Xl7Hl6 


2H 


9?^e Xi9?i« 


b^At Xi6?l9 


6Xi8 


.7'H6Xl94l8 


2?i 


9Me X2i?/i» 


6?l8 X18M6 


6X24 


7'M6X2S'H6 


2H 


9?ic X27^« 


6»1« X24918 


7X 7 


'8' Hex 8'Vf6 


23/. 


lO^O Xio^ts 


TiU X 79(9 


7X10 


8>M«Xii'!le 


23/i 


loMa XiS^ii 


7?^a Xio?i8 


8x sr 


9?4 X 9^4 


3 


u% Xiili 


8H X 8H 


8X10 


9-34 Xii?4 


3 


n-!^ Xuli 


8H XioH 


8Xi2t 


954 Xi3?4 


3 


ii^i X1ST6 


8H X12H 


8X1S 


9?i Xi6'Ha 


3 


n"^ Xi8v^ 


8H XisH 


8X18 


9?4 Xi9^4 


3 


iiH X2i?6 


8H X18H 


8X21 


9)4 X 22:^4 


3 


n'6 X24T6 


8H X21H 


8X24 


9?4 X25?4 


3 


11^/6 X27H 


8H X24H 


9X 9 


loU X1074 


3'.4 


I3'i8 X13H9 


J>M6X9'>1» 


9Xi2t 


loH XI 3^/4 


3U 


13^8 X16U4 


9'HeXi2»Hi 


9X13 


U XIS 


3U 


13' ie Xi7'/i« 


9'H8Xi3'H« 


9Xi4t 


io7,6 Xi.s^i 


3'4 


I3;i« Xi8!ie 


9'H^Xi4'H« 


9X16 


io7<i XiT'^ia 


3'4 


l3He X2oM» 


9'MaXr6iH6 


9X18 


loH XlQ'i 


3'/* 


13^8 X22H8 


9'H«Xi8'M» 


9X20 


loH X2l7i 


3'/4 


13H8 X24M« 


9'H8X20«H» 1 


10X10 


ii'McXii'M* 


3^4 


14^16 X14M6 


io'!u.Xio'h« 1 


10X12 


ii'5ioXi3'^;i« 


iH 


14^' a X16M8 


io'M6Xi34i« 1 


10X14 


12 XiS'5f« 


3H 


I4''f6 Xl8?(8 


lo'HaXu'Ma 1 


10X16 


ii>;ifiXi7"i 


334 


I4?i8 X2oai« 


io'!/iflXi6<Ma 


10X18 


ii>rLcXi9"4 


3H 


14^.18 X22M8 


io"j6Xi8'M« 1 


10X20 


Il'5,,6X2l'6 


3H 


I43t6 X24?1« 


IO"/<8X20>'/i9 i 


12X12 
12X14 


14' ia Xi4'i6 
14'. io X16H6 


4 

4 


i6>ifl X16-.U 
i6'i8 Xi»'U 


I2l^i8Xl2'9i« 
I2lM«Xl4"l9 1 


12X1S 


^I3'?.6Xt6')t« 


4 


16^/18 Xi9li« 


l2'>1cXiS'?ia [ 

— ' 



Calculations of Furnace, Pipes and Registers 57 

Dimensions of Registers and Boilers 





Register 




Bordef 


Size of 










body. 


Extreme 


Depth 


With ribs. 


Tin-box siic, 


ia 


dimensions. 


open, 


floor-opening. 


ia 




in- 


in 


in 




12X16 


14H6 X18 


4 


l6Me X2o7/« 


12>3/6Xl6>M4 


12X17* 


14 He X19 


4 


i6y,« X2I7/8 


12>M6XI7»M6 


12X18 


m'/Is X20H6 


4 


167/8 X22-/e 


12»3/l8Xl8»Mo 


■i2>^i9 
12X20 


i4n« X21H6 


4 


167/ X237/8 


12>M6Xl9'^l4 


14'/ i« X22 


4 


•16'/ 6 X24"/8. 


12> M 6X201^1 • 


12X24 


14'/l6 X26 
I4H6 X32 
14M6 X38 
i6Vi'6 X16M6 


4 
4 
4 
4 


167/6 X28M» 


124l8X24'M« 


12X30 
12X36 

14X14 






l81M6Xl8>5/5 


■i4ii"xi4H 


14X16 


i6}l6 XiS^ie 


4 


l8l5/i6X20>M(J 


147/6 Xi67/i 


14X18 


16H X20M« 


4 


l8'5i6X224i» 


14H Xi87/i 


14X20 


i65.i£ X2aH6 


4 


l8»5i6X24lM» 


147/4 X207/4 


14X22 


16H X24'/4 


4 


i8m6X26»M« 


147/4 X227/i 


1SX2S 


17«H6X27'H6 


4\i 


i9')iflX29'M« 


i6H X26U 


16X16 


185 (-6 Xi8M« 


4K 


2074 X207i 


167/4 Xi67/i 


16X18 


18 VI 6 X2o5^e 


4Vi 


20T4 X22vi 


167/4 Xl87y4 


16X20 


l8'/iv,X-225,l6 


aVa 


207/i X 247/6 


167,4 X207/i 


16X22 


iS^iffl X24^i« 


4K 


207t X 267,4 


16-4 Xa27^ 


16X24 


imu XT^fVin 


4V4 


20!i X287,i 


1674 X25'/i 


16X28 


i8Vt« X3oM« 


4l4 


207^ X327i 


167/4 X287/-4 


16X32 


i8*/i6 X34M« 


4H 


207/4 X367/6 


16H X327/4 


18X18 


20^46 X20M« 


4^ 


221M8X221M6 


1S74 X187/4 


18X21 


20V18 X23Vi(v 


4H 


22'Vl6X2S>M<l 


1874 X2l7/i 


18X24 
18X27 
18X30 
18X36 

20X20 


20M6 X 26^1 8 

2oVi6 X29Mff 

205/ X32'4 

2oy,6 X38V4 

223^ X22?§ 


4?4 

4^4 

4^4 

4V4 


22'5l8X28>5i9 
22>ri8X3l'M« 
22lM6X34'Vl« 
22lVl«X40>yi4 
25'^ X2SH 


187/4 X247/i 
187/4 X27T6 
187/4 X3o7/i 
187/4 X367/4 

20>M«X20»M« 


20X24 


22^,^ X26H 


S'/^ 


25'/^ X29V6 


20> 5/6X24' M« 


20X26* 


229^8 X 285/4 


5'/^ 


25^ X3i'/& 


20>5/l6X26>Vl8 


21X29 
24X24 
24X27 


23H X31H 
26^18 X26'/lft 

26VI6 X29H 


S'4 


26'/6 X34'/& 

29'/^ X29'/2 
29'/4 X32'/2 


2l'yi6X29'M« 
24'-MoX24'Vift 
24'V.6X27»M« 

24' Vi 6X30' 51 9 

24'*/8X3341« 


24X30 
24X32 


267/i8 X32H 
267/16 X34H 


sU 

SH 


29 '/i X35'^ 
29 '/i X37'/i 


24X36 

24X45 
27X27 
27X38 
30X30 
30X36 
30X42 


267/8 X38H 
26yi6 X47^^ 

29^1 • X 29 Vic 

29'/, 8 X403>& 

32H X32?^ 
.32H X38?4 
323/6 X^4?4 


6 

?^ 

7V4 
7?i 


29'/^ X41H 

29Vi X5o'/& 

32'/i X32l'^ 
32Vi X43V^ 
35J^i X3SV^ 
33 '/i X4i!'^ 
35'/t X47'/i 


24' 516X36' M» 
24' 5/6X45' M« 
27'5l6X27'Vl» 

27'5l6X38"/« 
30iyi6X30'M«, 
3olS/6X36'V'i« 
3o'y(«X42"/ie 



58 Pipe and Elbow Chart 

Estimated Capacity of Pipes and Registers 



RKCTANGULAR PIPES 







ROUND 


PIPES 






Diameter 
of pipe. 


Area.. 


Diameter 
of pipe, 


Area. 


Diameter 
of pipe. 


Area, 


in 




in 




in 


sqin- 


7 


38 


13 


113 


33 


380 


8 


SO 


14 


154 


34 


452 


9 


63 


16 


20I 


26 


531 


10 


78 


18 


254 


28 


61$ 


n 


95 


20 


314 


30 


707 



Size of 


Area, 


Size of 


Area, 


Size of 


Area, 














in 




m 




in 




4X8 


32 


8X20 


160 


12X18 


216 


4X10 


40 


8X24 


192 


12X20 


240 


4X12 


44 


10X12 


120 


12X24 


288 


4X16 


64 


10X15 


150 


14X14 


196 


6X10 


60 


10X16 


160 


14X16 


224 


6X12 


72 


10X18 


180 


14X20 


280 


6X16 


96 


10X20 


200 


16X16 


256 


8X10 


80 


12XI2 


144 


16X18 


288 


8X12 


96 


12X15 


180 


16X20 


320 


8X16 


., 


i2Xi6 


192 


16X24 


384 



Size of 

opening, 
in 


Capacity, 
sq in 


Size of 

.opcnjng.- 

in 


Capacity, 
sq in 


Size of 

opening, 

in 


Capacity, 
sq in 


6X10 
8X10 
8X12 
8X1S 
9X12 
9X14 
10X13 


40 
S3 
64 
80 
72 
84 
80 


10X14 
10X16 
12X1S 
12X19 
14X22 
15X25 
16X24 


93 

107 
120 
152 

205 
'250 
256 


20X20 
20X24 
20X26 
21X29 
27X27 
27X38 
30X30 


267 
320 
347 
406 
486 
684 
600 



ROUND RECISTERS 



Size of 


Capacitv, 


Size of 


Capacity, 


Si7C of 


Capacity, 


opening, 
in 


sq in 


opcnmg, 
in 


sq in 


in 


sq in 


7 


26 


12 


75 


20 


2C9 


8 


33 


14 


103 


24 


301 


9 


4- 


16 


134 


30 


471 


10 


52 


18 


169 


36 


679 



Calculations of Furnace, Pipes and Registers 59 



1* 


„ 


M 


->- 




















en 


^ 


3 


/"fA 






ON 


5; 


r J \ 


^ 


;?: 


»; 


S' 




A 


M 


Oj 


OJ 


OJ 


> 


O^ 




tn 


00 


» 


V 1 


/ 





00 


00 


^ 


5 

51 


v 


y 


iK 


ife: 


^ 


S 


ar 






^/ 




w 


^p* 


•u 


■^ 


> 




« 


00 


ex 


^ 





;; 














» 


/I 


^ 












^ 
















vC 


vO 


00 












^ 


>c 


is: 


^ 


^ 


5 




e 


■f^— 




'^ 


F 


"£ 




^ 


^ 





















§_ 




















NO 










^\^ 


>: 


»: 


is: 


is 


9 









^ 


^ 


¥" 


Y 


^ 


tn 


w 


> ' 




\1/ 




^ 


^ 


^ 


^ 


„ 


^ 


^ 


? 




•t^ 


w 


M 











a 




iK|St 


^ 


^K 


^ 


is 


5 






j:^ 


en 





«-j 


00 


00 


NO 


>o 


">~ 




t/i 


^ 


^ 


en 




00 




*» 


3 i 




01 


U1 


^ 


<*> 


Oj 


M M 


!r 






»: 




^ 


^ 


is: 


is^ ^ 


^ 


5 














"^ 


^ 


~z~ 


- > 




tn 


ON 




00 


vO 









N i 









tn 


tn 


M 




o> 





^ 




















M 


^ 


^ 


^ 


^ 


^ 


^ 


^ 


^ 


« 5 


'• P' 


•^ 


o> 


o> 


(jU 


■u 


■S 




(^ 


w ? 




^^ 




ss 


iJi 


V: 


js; 


is^liKl; 


I 










__^ 




_^ 








„ > 






^ 


^ 







•J 






2 (. 






vO 


tn 


^ 


tn 


ON 


■c^ 


>-> 




^ 3 


^0 






















* 


M 


„ 


„ 


„ 




^ 


_ 


„ 


_ 


n ^• 


a 





SO 


vO 


00 


00 




ON 


ON 








2^ 


^ 


^ 


^ 




iS 


is 


V; 


^ ^ 


^ 9 






a * 





M 


^^ 


"i 


ON -^ 


oc 


» nS 


> 




00 


00 


o> 


</* 


-J 




Oj 


" 




D 00 


3 


Ok 


^ 


M 


10 


M 


M 












5 


5.* 


(2 


K> 


M 












NO 


00 


» -^ 


s: 




;?; 


^ 


X 


:S: 


is; 


>!S 




is; 


i?i 5 


»=: ^\9\ 

















































^ 


u 


A 


U) 


0^ 


M 


00 


<o 





►- 1 


M i^ 


? ^ 


* 








- 


' 




• 


' 


" P 




L 



3 ^ 

K5 O ^ 

• C 

■tC) Hi 

CD ^ !" 

01 oi 3 
^ hi '^ 

^ ^^ 

o 
b 



n.^ ^ 



M 3 Co 
S • 00 

— • O) 

3 o ' 

rD &i ;3 

Q ^ p 



?^^ 



o 
n> 



10 ^. 

00 o 



n) 


^ 




P 


P 






>-{ 




^^H 


Cfl 





3* 


N 





rD 


fD 


C 


•-t 





3 


(K) 




3 


tr 


« 


p 


^ 


►D 


3 


p 


rD 


0-3 






Cu 










:r n 




O) 


0^ 




►0 


n 




p 
n 


3 




n 


crq 




1-5 


<; 






rD 



^ s 



<<: ►^ 

^ rD 

3 3- 
rD 

So 

p o 

^^ 



crq 3* 



P ci 
3 p 



3 S 






N 

> 

> 

> 
O 

O 

a 



6o 



Pipe and Elbow Chart 

Table of Dimensions of Dust Separators 



1 

a 

ll 


.9 

1 


OpEKIKGS in SEP.\nATOR. 


Dimensions op 
Separator. 


5. 


o 
JJ 


1 


a 


-.J 




Is 




•^3 
^.9 


h 


1 


i.i 

Q.S 


II 


•^1 


< ^ 




i! 


q1 


3 .a 


II 


si 




5 


20 


2'x 9 


23 


»\ 


50 


3 


295 


14 


265 


70 


C 

7 

or 

8 

9 


28 
38 
or 
50 
C3 


3 xlOi 


32 


10 


78 


4 


35J 


15} 


32} 


100 


3ixl3 
4-JxlG 


47 


13 


132 


C 


4H 


185 


37} 


140 


72 


15 


176 


6 


47^ 


21 


435 


175 


10 


78 


6 xl8 
1 six 21 


90 


17 


227 


6 


535 


23 


50 


245 


11 

or 


95 

or 


115 


20 


314 


10 


595 


26 


56 


315 


12. 

13 

or 


113 

133 
or 


1 


















1 CJx24 
7 x27 


150 


235 


433 


10 


655 


29 


61} 


395 


14 

15 .... 


1« 


ISO 


20 


531 


.10 


715 


32 


67} 


490 


10 


201 


] 


















or 


or 


y 8 x30 


240 


28 


015 


10 


775 


35 


725 


575 


17 


227 




















18 


254 


85x32 


272 


31 


754 


10 


83-5 


38 


775 


715 


10 

or 


2S3 
or 


1 

} x25 


315 


n3 


855 


10 


895 


41 


82} 


875 


20 

21 


314 

340 


9 x40 


300 


30 


1,017 


10 


935 


40 


855 


930 


22 


380 


10 x41 


410 


39 


1,194 


10 


9/5 


47 


89 


1.000 


23... 
or 


415 

or 


^ 105x43 
h x45 


451 


41 


1,320 


11 


1015 


49 


93 


1.095 


24 

25 ..... 

2C 

27 

28 


452 
491 


495 


44 


1.520 


11 


1055 


51 


97 


1.455 


531 


11 x48 


528 


40 


1,002 


12 


1095 


54 


99! 


1.600 


672 


11 x51 


501 


4 'J 


1.8S5 


12 


1135 


57 


1035 


1.700 


C21 


ll}x54 


021 


52 


2,123 


12 


1175 


60 


loot 


1,85.5 


29 


(iOO 


12 x57 


6&1 


55 


2.375 


12 


1215 


63 


IIH 


2.035 


30 


707 


12 xOO 


720 


68 


2,W2 


12 


12o5 


60 


1155 


2.155 


31 

or 

32 

33 


754 
or 

804 
855 


U2lxC3 
13 xCG 


807 


CI 


2 922 


13 


1295 


69 


1185 


2.250 


858 


M 


3,217 


13 


1335 


72 


122!, 


2.420 


34 


90S 


13}xC9 


932 


07 


3.525 


13 


1375 


75 


1265 


2.555 


35 


902 


14 x72 


l.OOS 


70 


3,iy48 


14 


1415 


78 


1295 


2.745 


30 

or 


1.017 
or 


[145x75 
15 x78 


1,087 


73 


4,185 


14 


1455 


81 


1335 


2.900 


37 


1,075 


















38 


1.134 


1,170 


76 


4.530 


14 


149J 


84 


13/5 


3,065 


39 

or 


1.194 

or 

1,25C 
1,32C 


1 151x81 


1,255 


79 


4.901 


14 


153} 


87 


1415 


3.235 


40 

41 


16 x84 


1.344 


82 


5.281 


J4 


157J 


90 


145i 


3.395 



Calculations of Furnace, Pipes and Registers 6i 

Proportions of Standard Vcrrell Dust Collectors 



No. 


Diam. 
Pipe 
from- 
Fan. 


Areo 

Of 
Dust 
Inlet. 


B. 


c. 


D. 


E. 


F. 


C. 


H 


Ytf- 


000 
00 


6 

7 


28 
38 


32 


26 


37 


7 


6x7 


10 


12 


70 





8 
10 


50 

78 


42 


38 


48 


12 


10x12 


14 


14 


i^S 


2 


12 


113 


46 


37 


48 


12 


10x12 


17 


14 


240 




14 


154 


54 


42 


60 


16 


10x14 


17 


16 


471 




ItJ 


201 


60 


45 


72 


16 


14x16 


22 


26 


490 




18 


254 


66 


54 


72 


16 


16x20 


25 


26 


500 




20 


314 


72 


58 


76 


16 


14X24J 


27 J 


26 


530 




22 


380 


84 


65 


96 


16 


16x25 


32 




682 




24 


452 


87 


67 


96 


16 


18x26 


34 








26 


531 


96 


78 


96 


16 


18x32 


46 








28 


616 


102 


84 


96 


16 


18x37} 


40 


.27 






30 


707 


111 






16 












32 


804 


114 


90 


120 


15 


22x41 i 


46 


27 


1.800 




34 


908 


117 


97 


120 


16 


23x44 


48 


27 






36 


1,018 


129 


1051 


120 


16 


24X45J 


50 


27 






38 


1,134 


132} 


lU 


120 


16 


26x44J 


53 


27 


2.150 




40 


1,257 




















42 


1.385 



















Proportion of Parts of Dust Separators 





OPEMSCS 






DIME.\3IO.\S. 




No. .ind 


.Size of 


Diameter 


Diameter 


Out.. 


ide Heiahf 


Lergtii Approxi- 


Diam. 


Inlet. 


Air Outlet 


Dust Out- 


D.ametcr Cylinder. 


Cone, m,ile \ 


of lD!ct. 


in 


in. 


let. ID. 


Cylinder, in. in. 


rn 


weight, lb 


5 


21x9 


8» 


3 


29J 14 


26 70 


6 


3x10) 
3Jxl3i 


10 


4 


35 


151 
181 


32 100 


7 


13 


6 


41 


37 140 


8 


4JxlO 


15 


6 


47 


21 


43 175 


9 


5x18 


17 


6 


53 


23 


50 


245 


10 


5Jx21 


20 


10 


59 


20 


56 


315 


12 


CJx24 


23 


10 


65 


29 


61 


395 


M 


7x27 


26 


10 


71 


32 


67 


490 


14 


8x30 


28 


10 


77 


35 


72 


574 


16 


8h32 


31 


10 


83 


33 


77 


715 


17 


9x35 


33 


10. 


89 


41 


82 


875 


18 


9x40 


36 


10 


93 


46 


85 


930 


20 


10x41 


39 


10 


97 


47 


89 


1.000 


22 


10Jx43 


41 


11 


101 


49 


93 


1.095 


23 


11x45 


44 


11 


105 


51 


97 


1.455 


24 


11x43 


46 


12 


109 


54 


99 


I.OOO 


25 


II«5I 


49 


12 


113 


57 


103 


1.700 


26 


IUx54 


52 


12 


117 


00 


109 


1.855 


28 


12x57 


55 


12 


121 


63 


III 


2.035 


30 


12x60 


53 


12 


125 


06 


II J 


2.155 


M 


l.'ix6.( 


01 


13 


129 


69 


IIS 


2.250 


34 


13x66 


M 


13 


1.1.1 


72 


l-'2 


2.420 


M 


13}x60 
14x72 


«7 


li 


137 


75 


i:g| 


2.555 


:1S 


70 


14 


141 


7S 


129 


2.745 


40 


J4)x7.-) 


73 


M 


145 


81 


133 


2.900 


42 


15x7.S 


76 


14 


U9| 


84 


137 


3.005 


44 


15hSI 


70 


14 


153! 


87 


141 


3.235 


4C 


16xS4 


hi 


14 


1571 


90 


145 


3.395 



Tlic .-ibove reroninii'nd.Ttioin apply to sliaMnjjs but not to light buffing dust, etc., 
the separators niu^t bo sclerle4.lo suit vpet.-itiiig ronJilion>. 



62 



Pipe and Elbow Chart 



Proportions of Main Duct in Dust Separation to Accom- 
modate Branches 





Diameter of Branch Pipes in inches. 




3^ 


31 


« 


4J 


5 


51 


6 


6J 


7 


"o 






Area of each Branch Pipe in square 


mcheSi 






7.07 


9.62 


12.566 


15.9 


19.635 


23.758 


28.274 


33.183 


38.485 


Area of each Branch Pipe plus 20% (square inches). 


•i, 


8.484 


11.544 


15.08 


19.08 


23.562 


28.51 


33.93 


39.82 


46.182 ' 


1 


31 


l\ 


41 


5 


5j 


6 


61 


7i 


7| 


2 


4i 


6j 


7 


7, 


8 


9} 


lOi 


10? 


3 


51 


61 


7 


81 


91 


10 


lU 


121 


13} 


4 


6 


7! 


8 


9i 


11 


12 


131 


14} 


15i 


5 


7 


81 


9 


11 


12} 


13 


14} 


16 


17J 

18} 


6 


Si 
8| 


9- 


10 


121 


m 


14 


161 


17^ 


7 


10, 


11 


13J 


14- 


16 


171 


18} 


20} 


8 


9? 


10- 


12 


14 


15 


17 J 


181 


20 


21| 


9 


9i 


111 


13i 


14J 


16^ 


18J 


19} 


21 


23 


10 


lOJ 


12i 


13| 


15t 


17} 


191 


20} 


29 


24} 


11 


11 


12* 


141 


16 J 


18 


20 


21J 


23 


25 


12 


Hi 


13» 


15J 


17J 


19 


20i 


22} 


24 » 


26 


13 


11? 

12 


13j 


15J 


17J 


19} 


21} 


23} 


25 


27 

2S 


14 


14* 


16J 


181 


20J 


22- 


241 


26 


15 


12} 


14 


17 


191 
19} 


211 


23- 


25 i 


27- 


29 


16 


13i 


15 


171 


22 


24- 


26} 


28 


30 


17 


131 


15 


18J 


20 J 


22 


24- 


27J 


29- 


31 


18 


14 


16 


18 


21 


23- 


25- 


271 
28} 


30 


32 


19 


i4i 


16 


19 


215 


23- 


26 


31^ 


33 


20 


14l 
151 


17 


19s 


221 


24- 


27 


295- 


31, 


34 


21 


17 


20 


22^ 


25 


27f 


30J 


32 


35 


22 


m 


18 


201 


^3J- 


25 


28} 


30} 
3U 


331 


3f> 


23 


15} 


18i 


2U 


23} 


261 


29 


34} 


36f 


24 


16i 


18 


2U 


24 i 


261 


291 


32} 


341 


37J- 


25 


16J 


19 


22 


24} 


27^ 


30i 


32 J 


351 


381 


26 


16} 


19 


22i 


251 


28 


30 


36} 


39t 


27 


17t 


20 


22, 


251 


28i 


31- 


344 


37 


M 


28 


17i 


201 


23 


26i 


29 


32 


34} 


37} 


29 


17} 


20} 


23-. 


261 ' 29J- 


32J 


35 J 


38} 


41f 


30 


18 


21 


24 


27 ' 30 


33 


36 


39 


42 



TROPORTIONING GUTTERS AND CONDUCTORS TO THE ROOF 
SURFACE 
The size of gutters and down-spouts and their distances apart, for 
roofs of mill buildings with a J4 pitch and of different spans, are shown 
in the following table: 



One^haU roof-span, in feel 


10 


20 


30 


40 


SO 


60 


70 


80 


Sue of gutter, in inches 


.1 


S 


6 


6 


7 


7 


8 


8 


Size of down-spouts, in inches. 


3 


3 


4 


4 


S 


S 


6 


6 


SpacinK (A down-spouls. in feet. 


SO 


SO 


SO 


SO 


40 


40 


40 


40 



mil 

Just What You Are Looking For | 

Gray's | 

Full Sized Patterns | 

MAKE UP PERFECT | 

Elbows - Skylights - Turrets - Ventilators - Louvres | 

Y Branches - Furnace Boots - Register Boxes - Etc. | 

The value of these blueprint patterns as | 

time and labor savers is incalculable. You | 

know how^ long it takes to lay out bars for | 

different styles and sizes of skylights. These | 

perfect patterns save all that. All you have | 

to do is to put them on the metal and mark | 

them off with an awl. The blueprints will | 

last a lifetime if packed away in a tube. | 

PRICE I 

Set A. — Comprising 80 Patterns, developed on | 

a sheet of 24X68 inches, the sizes rang- | 

ing from 1 to 20 inches, in two, three, | 

four and five pieces $2.50 | 

Set B. — Comprising 80 Patterns, developed on | 

a sheet of 24x68 inches, the sizes rang- | 

ing from 20 to 40 inches, in five, six, | 

seven and eight pieces 2.50 | 

Sets A & B Together.— 160 Patterns, with | 

Chart showing all the angles and degrees | 

of same 5.00 = 

Set C— Hip, Gable and Single Pitch Skylight i 

Patterns of the Hay's Patent, for lj4-inch _ i 

bar 5.00 I 

Set D.— Hip, Gable and Single Pitch Skylight | 

Patterns of the Hay's Patent, for 2i^- | 

inch bar 5.00 | 

Set E.— Hip, Gable and Single Pitch Patterns | 

of the Hay's Patent, for 3 1/^ -inch bar... 5.00 e 

Set F.— Full Set Hip and Gable Skylights, 1- , „^ i 

inch bar 4.00 i 

Set G.— Turret Skylight Patterns with Sashes | 

arranged to be operated by gearing, or ^ 

a part can be left stationary •^•30 | 

Set H. — Louvre Skylight Patterns. For Sta- e 

tionary Louvre and for Louvre to operate | 

by cord and pulley, with full size working | 

detail showing how Louvre operates ^-^U | 

Set I. — Balustrade Pattern of approved design -J-OU | 

llllillllllllllllliilllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllli 



Illllllllllllllllllilllllllllllllllllllillllllllllllllllli^ 



PRICE 

Set J. — Block Letter and Figure Patterns, in- 
cluding the full alphabet and figures from 
1 to 9 2.50 

Set K. — U. S. Standard Liquid Measure Pat- 
terns from 1 gill to 1 gallon 1.50 

Set L No. 1. — Ventilator and Base Patterns 
for 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18 and 20-inch 
Ventilators 3 . 00 

Set L No. 2.— Ventilator and Base Patterns, 
for 20. 22. 24. 26, 28, 30, 32, 34 and 36- 
inch Ventilators 3.50 

Set No. 1. — Twenty standard sizes of Register 
Box Patterns from 8X10 inches to 16X20 
inches Full Set 3.00 

Set No. 2. — Square to Round Furnace Boot 
Patterns, with 6-inch offset and straight 
on one side, 10 standard sizes of each 
from 3^X9^ to 554 Xl3^^, also 10 sizes 
of two-piece 45 degree and three-piece 
square elbow patterns Full Set 4.00 

Set No. 3. — Oval to Round Furnace Boot 
Patterns, with 6-inch offset and straight 
on one side, 10 standard sizes of each 
from 3^X954 to 5^X13^, also 10 sizes 
of two-piece 45 degree and three-piece 
square oval elbow patterns Full Set 4.00 

Set No. 4. — Y Branch Patterns, 6 sizes, 10- 
inch to two 8-inch, 12-inch to two 9-inch, 
14-inch to two lOinch, 16-inch to two 
12-inch, 18-inch to two 12-inch, 20-inch to 
two 14-inch Full Set 1-50 

Set No. 5. — A complete set of Frame and 
Sash Patterns for Factory Window, with 
top-sash pivoted and bottom sash station- 
ary, to be made either on drop-brake or 
hand-brake Full Set 5 . 00 

Set No. 5 A. — A complete set of Frame and 
Sash Patterns for Factory Window, with 
top and bottom sash pivoted. Made on 
hand-brake or drop-brake Full Set 5.00 

Set No. 6. — A complete set of Frame and 
Sash Patterns for Casement Window, 
used mostly where easy access is wanted 
to balconies, fire escapes, etc. Made on 
drop-brake Full Set 6.00 

Set No. 6A. — A complete set of Frame and 
Sash Patterns for a Casement Window. 
Made on hand-brake Full Set 6.00 

Set No. 7. — A complete set of Frame and 
Sash Patterns for metal windows, with 
sliding sash to operate by chain and pul- 
ley, to be made on hand-brake. . .Fh// Set 6.00 
Set No. 8. — A complete set of Frame and 
Sash Patterns for metal windows, with 
sliding Sash to operate by chain and pul- 
ley, to be made on drop-brake. . .F»// Set 6.00 



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